论道路交通事故认定行为的法律性质

正确认识道路交通事故认定行为的法律性质,对完善道路交通事故认定行为的法律规制具有重要意义。长期以来,学术界对道路交通事故认定行为的法律性质存在很大争议。本文认为,道路交通事故认定是公安机关履行处理交通事故职责的行为,其法律性质应该是具体行政行为中的行政确认行为。     

交通肇事逃逸重复评价背后的经济学问题

从表面上看,交通肇事罪中对逃逸的重复评价是对刑法原理中的禁止重复评价原则的挑战。但通过剖析禁止重复评价原则背后的经济学原理就会发现,二者本质上是相暗合的。这是因为,禁止重复评价原则背后的经济逻辑就是要保证威慑的最优化,而禁止重复评价原则的适用是有条件的,其前提便是某类犯罪的特定情节或行为没有导致该类犯罪的抓获概率在一段时期内明显下降,刑罚的威慑效果也没有因为特定情节或行为的出现而受到削弱,否则,对某类犯罪的特定情节或行为进行重复评价便是必要的。     

红外差谱技术用于微量混合油漆的比对检验

对交通事故中的漆片检材进行同一物质比对时,某些情况下难以提取到单一的油漆碎片而是两辆车的油漆混合在一起,给物证比对带来困难。红外差谱技术具有辨别混合物中不同成分的功能,因此可应用于交通事故中混合油漆检材的比对检验。本文对一起交通事故的漆片检材,分别用三种方式提取、制样,用红外光谱仪进行分析,借助红外差谱技术对谱图进行处理,排除混合油漆的干扰。处理后得到的谱图与样本的谱图进行比对,结果显示两者主要官能团吸收峰位置、峰型、峰强度基本一致,可出具比对一致的结论。针对混合油漆检材的比对检验,红外差谱技术可提供支持。     

Determination of Vehicle Speed from Recorded Video Using Reverse Projection Photogrammetry and File Metadata

The prevalence of security and in‐car video has increased the number of motor vehicle accidents captured on digital video. However, inconsistencies in how to accurately determine time and distance for vehicle speed has led to examinations with varying results. A potential solution for calculating time intervals is to use frame timing contained within many digital video file's metadata, recorded with 0.000001 sec precision. This paper examines a fatal motor vehicle accident where frame timing information was used with distance measurements from reverse projection photogrammetry to calculate vehicle speed. A margin of error was then calculated based on the accuracy in performing reverse projection photogrammetry distance measurements. The resulting speed calculation was then compared to event data recorder data and found to be within an average of ±1.43538 MPH. Using specific time intervals may lead investigators to more accurate speed calculations, specifically those involving variable frame rate video.     

Wind-drag estimation in a traffic accident involving a motor scooter and a tractor-trailer

This case report describes a noncontact traffic accident involving a motor scooter and a tractor-trailer with a focus on the wind-drag effect. We used load cells to measure the drag force acting on a substantially similar motor scooter when a substantially similar tractor-trailer passes by it, taking into consideration various speeds of the tractor-trailer and distances between the two vehicles. A three-dimensional steady-state flow analysis was also performed by using the CFX program for computational fluid dynamics to examine the streamlines and the pressure distribution around the tractor-trailer at various speeds. From the experiment, for a separation distance of 1.0 m (3.28 ft) and a speed of 90 km/h (55.9 mph), the maximum resultant drag force is 124.5 N (28 lb); this constitutes a degree of force that could abruptly disrupt the stability in maneuvering by an operator who is unaware of the approaching tractor-trailer. In addition, a single equation that relates the tractor-trailer speed to the drag force that acts on the motor scooter was derived on the basis of the Reynolds number (Re) and the wind-drag coefficient (C(d)): C(d) = 1.298 × 10(-7) Re.     

关于工会应对“劳资突发事件”的思考

我国近年劳资冲突事件频繁发生,但应对处理能力明显不足。工会身处协调劳动关系第一线,有必要对劳资群体事件的主要原因、自身应扮演何种角色、该注意哪些问题作些分析与探索。     

XPS法在交通事故微量物证鉴定中的应用

把x射线光电子能谱分析法应用到微量物证学中,对车体痕迹的同一性认定进行分析,从而为交通事故的鉴定,特别是疑难的重特大事故的鉴定提供一个新的思路和一种新的技术。     

日本福岛核泄漏事故的法律省思

日本福岛核泄漏事故的发生有其历史的必然性,是上世纪50年代建立的日本式经济体制弊端在核电领域的折射。审视日本70年代建立的核电监督体制,其效率性存在不足,加之司法暧昧,一定程度上助推了事故的发生。     

加强培训提高工会干部的安慰技巧

我国目前还处于工伤事故的易发期,工伤事故不仅造成人员伤亡,而且对目击者及其受害者家属心理造成巨大创伤。工会在参与事故处理时、常去慰问职工,这是一种心理帮助。如果能通过培训,提高安慰技巧,不仅在一定程度上起到了心理危机干预的作用,也可以弥补目前我国专业心理学工作人员有限的问题。更体现了我国以人为本的安全发展理念。     

Interpretation of automotive light bulb examination results: an intriguing case

During the examination of light bulbs from a vehicle involved in a road accident, the headlights did not reveal any evidence regarding whether they were energized or not. Additionally, a police officer turned the lights on after the accident to verify their functioning, thus damaging some of the evidence. By examining the vehicle, it was determined that the park lights could provide answers regarding the conditions of the headlights. After observations, it was concluded that the park lights and headlights were off at the time of the impact. This case report demonstrates how important it is to integrate the circumstances surrounding the case into the interpretation of the results. Nevertheless, it also demonstrates the necessity for examining both the vehicle and all light bulbs in order to reach the most pertinent and proper conclusion.