应用枕骨大孔面积判定性别的研究进展

性别是个体识别的主要生物学指标之一,是法医学鉴定不明骨骼残骸的重要初始步骤。枕骨大孔因其解剖学位置的隐匿性、形态学的稳定性、性别与种族的差异性成为法医学性别判定的研究热点,其中枕骨大孔面积是枕骨大孔区域中进行性别判定准确率较高的指标之一。本文以枕骨大孔面积为主要研究对象,就国外学者通过干颅骨样本、CT影像、CBCT影像测量枕骨大孔面积判定性别的方法进行总结,对国内应用枕骨大孔面积进行性别判定研究提供参考。     

Measuring interrogative suggestibility in children: Reliability and validity of the bonn test of statement suggestibility

Abstract

The present paper describes three studies that examined false confessions in the laboratory. Studies 1 (N=56) and 2 (N=9) relied on the by now classic computer crash paradigm introduced by Kassin and Kiechel (Psychological Science, 7, 125–128, 1996). Study 3 (N=12) employed a novel paradigm in which undergraduate participants were falsely accused of exam fraud. Our data indicate that false confessions do occur, even when conditions become more ecologically valid. Furthermore, we explored whether individual differences in compliance, suggestibility, fantasy proneness, dissociation, and cognitive failures are related to false confessions. Of these, only fantasy proneness was associated with false confessions.     

Effects of collaborative recall: Denying true information is as powerful as suggesting misinformation

We tested whether someone's ability to tell a good story, in terms of the Reality Monitoring (RM) tool, affects the way s/he judges the stories told by others. Forty participants (undergraduate students) wrote down two statements – one about activities they did 30 minutes ago, and the other about a past event. Subsequently, they rated the quality of a target statement written by someone else. We found that the tendency to provide a not so detailed or a very detailed statement was stable across the two statements the participants wrote. Furthermore, this tendency affected how they judged the target statements: The richer a participant's statements were compared to the target statement, the more critical the participant was in judging the target statement. These findings imply that RM is subject to biases which are related to individual differences. We discuss the implications of these findings for applying the RM lie detection tool in the field.     

同卵双生子甄别策略探讨

同卵双生子(MZ)之间存在抗体库差异、甲基化修饰差异和基因突变体差异,甲基化修饰差异的比较可望成为甄别MZ的手段之一,抗体库差异和基因突变体差异比较的方法在甄别MZ方面亦有潜在价值.当前,对MZ的表现遗传以及基因突变等领域的研究还很有限,而抗体库技术的应用方法也有待探讨,因此MZ识别技术的应用前景和发展空间需要进一步摸索与完善.     

群体性事件发生原因研究的再审视——层次分析方法的引入与应用

层次分析方法就是将导致某一事件发生的原因进行分层。将层次分析方法应用到群体性事件发生的原因研究中,群体性事件发生的原因可分为结构、体制机制和个人三个层次。通过比较三个不同层次上变量的重要性,结构层次上的变量最为根本和重要,体制机制层次上的变量次之,个人层次上的变量可视为常数。加强对结构和体制机制层次上的变量的研究,有助于深入探究群体性事件发生的深层次原因。     

THE DESIGN AND USE OF PERFORMANCE INFORMATION IN INDONESIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS UNDER DIVERGING STAKEHOLDER PRESSURES

Public sector managers in less developed countries are confronted with opposing forces. A lack of sufficient resources along with a tradition of corruption are obstacles for developing and using performance measurement systems. However, recent public sector reforms in less developed countries, including decentralisation and anti‐corruption programmes, stimulate the development and use of such systems. On the basis of a framework, which distinguishes different types of stakeholders, each with particular performance interests, we analyse how public sector managers are coping with the two opposing forces, given the relative power positions and the interests of their stakeholders. On the basis of four cases studies of local government agencies in Bali (Indonesia), we found that with respect to the annual performance reports, managers in these agencies focus more on fulfilling the formal requirements regarding the format of these reports and on their timely submission than on their contents, which are all symptoms of a symbolic rather than functional use of performance information. However, the reports include information on inputs that is linked to similar information in short‐term reports, which the managers use in a functional manner. These managers show a kind of juggling behaviour, in the sense that they partially try to serve conflicting performance interests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西方发达国家基本公共服务均等化路径选择的经验与启示

基本公共服务均等化是一项复杂的社会系统工程,如何借鉴西方发达国家基本公共服务均等化的成功经验,并与我国的具体社会经济环境相结合,探索出我国基本公共服务均等化的有效路径,是社会面临的重要课题。本文在分析西方发达国家基本公共服务均等化的成功经验的基础上,结合我国客观实际,提出了我国城乡基本公共服务均等化的路径选择,包括确定基本公共服务均等化标准、建立基本公共服务体系、健全公共服务体制、完善基本公共服务均等化的财政保障、实施基本公共服务均等化的绩效评估与监督。     

美欧发达国家“再工业化”对中国跨境资金流动的影响及对策

金融危机后,为了重振本土工业,美欧等发达国家将“再工业化”作为重塑竞争优势的重要战略,推出了大力发展新兴产业、鼓励科技创新、支持中小企业发展等政策和措施,使得贸易保护主义进一步抬头,国际贸易摩擦进一步加剧,贸易壁垒进一步抬高。关注“再工业化”背景下国际贸易以及政策的发展变化对跨境资金流动的可能影响,把握其趋势变化,对指导外汇管理工作,具有十分重要的意义。该文简要介绍了美国提出“再工业化”的背景,收集整理了美欧发达国家“再工业化”措施,分析了美欧发达国家“再工业化”对中国跨境资金流动的影响,提出了强化中国跨境资金流动管理的对策建议。     

郊区城市化: 从发达国家的发展模式论中国的发展选择

郊区城市化就是城市化进程中,城市发展在越过了聚集发展阶段后,出现的分散发展状态,在这一阶段大城市开始对更广大的腹地产生辐射作用,郊区和更广泛的农村地区进入城市化阶段。发达国家在经历了城市集中发展阶段后都经历过郊区城市化阶段,在这一阶段城市化率达到较高水平,人口、工业、商业等先后从城市中心区向郊区迁移,德国、美国、澳大利亚、英国以及日本等发达国家城市发展的郊区化模式表明,交通条件、工业化进程、郊区的基础设施以及规划政策等是城市化进程后期阶段郊区化的主要驱动因素。中国郊区化的驱动因素与发达国家有所不同。中国从20世纪80年代就进入了郊区城市化阶段,自此郊区小城镇进入快速发展阶段。中国在郊区城市化进程中要充分借鉴发达国家成功经验,协调好各种因素发挥聚合整合作用。     

冲突、交融、和谐:中国现代性境遇下个人与社会关系的嬗变

五四时期,随着西方文化的传入,中国的个人意识开始觉醒,与传统的群体观念形成激烈的碰撞,其后在救亡图存的压力下,在社会主义集体意识的引导下,个体长期被整合在国家、社会之中。改革开放以来,随着社会结构的转变,个人主义逐渐兴起,集体主义面临困境,个人与社会关系发生裂变。时至今日,倡导和实现"中国梦"要保障个体利益与整体利益的统一,最终达成个人与社会的互塑和谐。