An Investigation into Whether or Not the Class and Individual Characteristics of Five Turkish Manufactured Pistols Change During Extensive Firing

Abstract:  In order to assess whether or not the class and individual characteristics of a firearm change over time, five different makes of Turkish self-loading pistol were tested and were each fired a large number of times. The class and individual characteristics were identified for each pistol and the first fired cartridge case was compared with the subsequent consecutive 250th fired cases for each pistol. It was found that there were slight changes in some of the individual and class characteristics; however, this was not statistically significant and did not affect the ability of the firearms examiner to match the first fired case to the last fired case for each firearm tested.     

体验的回归：人本心理学启发式研究方案评析

人本心理学家穆斯塔卡斯发展的启发式研究方案具有自身的独特内涵、特征、概念框架和研究过程.作为一种有着系统的概念框架和完整研究步骤的心理学方法体系,启发式研究方案使人本心理学方法论不再流于理论倡导,而是融入到个人经验研究的具体实践,丰富、增进了心理学的质化研究方法.但它尚需进一步澄清、消除自身概念、设计与操作上的混乱之处,并需以辩证唯物主义实践观看待人的本质,确立心理学的整合视野.     

大型灾难事件中的DNA鉴定工作

大型灾难事件通常是由各种无法预料的因素引发,并可造成大量人员的伤亡和失踪。法医学DNA实验室首要的任务就是对这些遇难者进行身份的认定。本文通过回顾大型灾难事件以及相关研究,提出大型灾难事件中DNA鉴定的程序,包括样品的准备、收集、贮存、DNA的提取、DNA的分型、相关数据的分析和结果的解释等,并对DNA鉴定中的经验和问题进行了讨论。     

“一体制”与“分体制”：行政犯罪案件侦查体制完善之路径选择

公安、海关等行政执法机关集查处行政违法与行政犯罪职能于一身的“一体制”,有利于提高打击犯罪的效率,形成行政执法与刑事司法内部的衔接与案件移送机制,并且由承担行政犯罪侦查职能的行政执法机关与检察机关之间形成实质性的配合制约与监督关系。建议借鉴海关缉私部门的模式在相关领域试行“一体制”侦查模式。     

试论侦查模式的转变

侦查模式是指研究侦查行为与犯罪行为对抗中的自然现象、社会现象的理论图式和打击犯罪、保障人权的方案。我国侦查模式以打击犯罪为基点 ,对人权保护尚显不够。同一认定是刑事侦查活动的基础理论之一 ,它与侦查模式是内容与形式、目的与手段的关系。为了实现打击犯罪、保护人权的双向目标 ,我国侦查模式要实现“从案到人”、“从人到案”向“从证到案”、“从证到人”的转变     

青少年骨关节X线片的骨龄研究

通过对11～16周岁女性及13～20周岁男性青少年左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节拍摄X线片,进行了青少年的骨龄研究.根据骨骼生长发育的特点,提出了各大关节X线片判定骨龄的观察指标及分级标准,并使用SPSS软件包进行数据处理,建立了青少年利用6大关节骨骺愈合程度判定女性是否已满14周岁、男性是否已满16周岁或18周岁的判别分析方程.     

Blinking Subjects; Blinking Justice? – Law,Medicine and the PVS Patient

This paper argues that in medical discourse, there is insufficient unanimity of opinion with regards to the time at which an accurate diagnosis of PVS can be made and that clearly, there is an incomplete medical knowledge of the PVS condition. The judiciary chooses neither to question medical opinion that patients can be considered to be in PVS despite a failure to satisfy the diagnostic criteria, nor medical opinion that patients in `near PVS' will never recover. It is apparent from an examination of the judgements given in PVS cases that the law does not ascribe such individuals with full human status. Such a legal position is particularly problematic in ethical terms when applied in cases involving patients who are in a `near PVS' position, and in the light of evidence that some PVS diagnoses are inaccurate. The application of the best interests test in PVS cases results in the adoption of a paternalistic, objective approach that fails to respect the former competent individuals whom PVS patients once were. If, alternatively, the substituted judgement test were to be adopted, the principle of individual autonomy would become central to the question of whether PVS patients' treatment should be withdrawn. Furthermore, the application of this test would also ensure that PVS patients continue to be viewed as `persons'.     

Anthropological analyses of 30 insertion/deletion autosomal markers in five major ethnic groups of Pakistan

We investigated the forensic efficacy of the 30 insertion/deletion (Indel) markers included in the Qiagen Investigator® DIPplex kit in 529 Pakistani individuals from five major subpopulations in Pakistan (Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Saraiki, and Baloch). In the Sindhi population, the distribution of HLD81 and HLD97 alleles deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The combined match probability ranged from 2.0E-12 (Pashtun and Baloch) to 1.0E-12 (Sindhi), and the mean paternity exclusion power varied from 0.995 (Punjabi, Sindhi, and Saraiki) to 0.996 (Pashtun and Baloch). The high combined power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 999 97) and low combined match probability (1.7E-12) for all subpopulations studied support the utility of the 30 Indel markers for forensic identification in the studied subpopulations. The allele frequencies of the Indel markers in the Pakistani subpopulations were compared with those from 18 other populations. The results show that the populations clustered according to geography. The subpopulations investigated in this work showed a close genetic relationship with others from Pakistan, as well as with South Central Asian and Middle Eastern populations. The results suggest that the Investigator^® DIPplex kit can be useful as a supplementary tool for human identification in the five Pakistani subpopulations investigated in this study.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1933366 .     

Self-determination,group identity and the common will

ABSTRACT

Anna Stilz defends a political autonomy account of self-determination that, she argues, best explains our intuitions about why colonization, annexation and foreign occupation are wrong. These are wrong, on Stilz’s view, because they unilaterally coerce individuals living under those systems of government. I argue that Stilz does not show that her account of self-determination explains our intuitions about autonomy in these kinds of cases, because she does not have a separate argument for the value of belonging to particular political groups.     

论常态市场中的个体工商户制度

个体工商户是在我国改革开放实践中创造的一种经营主体制度，是我国数量最大的一类市场主体，其生命力在于契合中国社会的“家文化”特色。个体工商户虽然得到各级法律确认，但存在过渡性、非规范性疑惑，有些地方推动“个转企”。个体工商户利用天然信用纽带，组织协调成本低，针对性满足市场需要，利于吸纳就业和均衡财富，易于分散和消化经营风险，在低端市场中具有竞争优势。在常态市场中，应该尊重当事人的理性选择，适应市场的层次结构需求，维护市场主体的完整生态，慎重推行“个转企”。