Shipping hazardous waste: implications for economically developing countries

Trade in hazardous waste has given rise to great concerns. One source of transboundary trade in hazardous waste is the ship-breaking industry. Though end-of-life vessels provide incentives to developing countries in the form of raw materials, these same developing countries are not only ill equipped to manage hazardous waste in an environmentally sound manner, but they also lack the resources to mitigate health impacts arising out of the handling of hazardous waste. These concerns of weaker economies have been addressed by the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. However, the shipping of vessels with hazardous waste for final disposal in developing countries continues. To illustrate the inequity involved in such negotiations, we present a case study of the French aircraft carrier “Le Clemenceau”, which was sent to a shipyard in Alang, India, for disposal. This vessel became the focus of attention given its transport of an unknown amount of toxic waste, including asbestos. Similarly, there are reports that large quantities of toxic waste are still being imported by India from countries that ban the use of this waste. The use, import, and export of these chemicals raise serious environmental and health concerns. This paper assesses the implications of shipping such hazardous waste to developing countries and emphasizes the need for promoting research to plug the gaps and for implementing stringent measures to check the trade in environmental pollutants.

韩国废弃物循环利用制度探析

为了解决经济高速增长以及大量生产、大量消费所带来的大量废弃、资源浪费、生态退化和环境污染等问题,韩国较早开始了废弃物的处理和再利用事业,建立和实施了生活废弃物从量制、废弃物保证金制度及负担金制度、EPR制度等,结果废弃物的再利用率得到了不断的提高。虽然这些制度还存在一些问题,有待于在实践中进一步完善,但韩国在这方面所做的努力和探索,会给我们提供有益的启示。     

Under the analphabête series

Theatre

Speech (The Predicament of Three Women in the Nuclear Age), written and directed by Avram Patt, Theatre for the New York City, October 1983, New York City

Fen, by Caryl Churchill directed by Les Waters, London Joint Stock Theatre Group's production presented by Joseph Paff at the Public Theatre, New York City

Top Girls, by Caryl Churchill, directed by Max Stafford‐Clark, Royal Theatre Court production presented by Joseph Papp at The Public Theatre, New York City

Sophie, by comedienne Judy Sloan, October 1983, at the Gay Women's Alternative, New York City.

Awake Sleeping Heart, a collage for five women based on the life, journals and paintings of the Mexican artist Fri‐da Kahlo, conceived and directed by Emma Missouri, October 1983, Northampton, Massachusetts

Antigone Too: Rites of Love and Defiance, written and directed by Martha Boesing for At the Foot of the Mountain, August 1983, at the People's Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Orgasmo Adulto Escapes from the Zoo, by Dario Fo and Franca Rame, performed by Estelle Parsons at the Public Theatre, New York City, Fall 1983.

Dance

Celebration of Traditional Cultures, La Mama Annex, November 11–13, 1983.

History, An American Dream, by Anne Bogart, St. Mark's Church, October, 1983.

Vamot A Andar (Let's Get Going), Wallflower Order and Grupo Raiz, October, 1983, Symphony Space, New York City

Testimonies, New York City Political Dancers, Merce Cunningham Dance Studio, August 1983.

Set and Reset, Trisha Brown and Company, Brooklyn Academy of Music, October 1983.

Books

The Amazing Decade: Women and Performance Art in America 1970–1980, edited by Moira Roth. Los Angeles: Astro Ariz, 1983. 149 pp., bibliographies. Cloth: $25.00; paper: $12.50

Woman and Spirituality by Carol Ochs. Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Allanheld, 1983. 144 pp., notes, bibliography, index. Cloth: $16.95

Women In Music: An Anthology of Source Readings from the Middle Ages to the Present, edited by Carol Neuls‐Bates. New York: Harper &; Row, 1982. 332 pp., selected bibliography, index, illustrations. Cloth: $18.50

American Women Composers Before 1870 by Judith Tick. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1983. 233 pp., appendix, notes, bibliography, index. Cloth: $44.95

Louise Farrenc, 1840–1875 by Bea Friedland. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1980. 177 pp., appendices, notes, bibliography, index. Cloth: $49.95

Mourning Dress: A Costume and Social History by Lou Taylor, Boston: Allen &; Unwin, 1983. 287 pp., appendices, chapter notes, select bibliography, index. Cloth: $24.50

Listings     

Public Participation and Environmental Policy: What Factors Shape State Agency's Public Participation Provisions?

Public participation is becoming increasingly common in environmental decision making. While researchers have focused on understanding why individuals get involved and the impact of their engagement, less is known about the forces that shape agency and legislative decision making regarding participation. This paper uses multinomial logistic regression to explore the determinants of public participation provisions in state hazardous waste programs over time. The results suggest that states with more liberal citizenry, higher levels of manufacturing, and urban areas are more likely to formalize the participation provisions in their hazardous waste programs. Comparatively, states with fewer Democratic representatives are more likely to informally engage in public participation procedures in their states programs.     

使用危险化学品实施放火案件的物证检验1例

随着科技的发展,分析仪器在刑事技术领域的应用越来越广泛,有时往往会忽视对传统化学分析方法的应用。作为检验无机粉末的常用仪器,扫描电镜/能谱仪(SEM/EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)受检出限的影响,无法准确分析样品中的低含量组分。本文在一起危险化学品放火案件检验中,为确定样品中含S元素的物质种类,利用化学分析法对其进行沉淀富集,再使用SEM/EDS和XRD检验,确认其中含有KMnO4和KHSO4,推测嫌疑人使用KMnO4和浓H2SO4等危险化学品实施放火,这在日常工作中比较罕见。通过总结相关工作经验,可为类似案事件的预防、物证提取和检验提供新的思路。     

电子废弃物有关法律问题研究

随着我国电子信息产业的发展,电子产品已经日益成为人们日常生活中的必需品,由于电子信息产品更新换代较快,电子垃圾的处理已经成为困扰社会发展和环境保护的难题之一。我国现阶段电子废弃物管理有关法律尚不健全,除《固体废物污染防治法》以外尚无专门的电子废弃物污染防治法律,具体法律制度亟待确立。     

How liable should an exporter be?: The case of trade in hazardous goods

This paper analyzes liability issues in the context of internationally traded goods like hazardous waste. It focuses on waste disposers of a small open economy that are judgement-proof due to either wealth constraints or regulatory liability limits. In this case, the extension of liability to waste exporters distorts the factor allocation and may reduce disposal care. Hence the optimal extension is partial at most. However, extending liability increases incentives of the waste importing country to hold domestic disposers liable. Interaction through the price system and through contracts that condition payments for disposal services on the occurrence of an accident yield identical outcomes if disposers are judgement-proof.     

美日援俄处理俄太平洋舰队退役核潜艇问题之比较

冷战时期苏联建造的核潜艇到20世纪90年代大部分已经达到或超过服役期，处理数以百计的退役核潜艇对俄罗斯而言是一项艰巨的任务。争取国际社会的支持，开展国际合作是俄解决该问题的必要条件。美国和日本在该问题上的对俄合作表现比较突出，对俄援助活动异同相伴，虽有变化但合作仍为主要趋势。     

生活垃圾焚烧技术的较及选择

对机械炉排焚烧炉和循环流化床焚烧炉这两种主要技术的工艺过程和应用于焚烧处理我国混合收集的原生垃圾时的技术、经济和环境(特别是遏制二(啞心)英生成的能力)特点进行了比较,以期为技术选择提供参考.     

浅析贵阳市城区建筑垃圾(渣土)处置监管

随着经济社会发展水平的快速提升,城市建筑垃圾必然大幅增加,要按照科学发展观和循环经济的理念,围绕建筑垃圾(渣土)减量化、资源化和无害化管理原则,运用城市数字化管理体系,促进城市建筑垃圾循环利用市场化平台的形成。