论健康公平的意义与限度

公平是一种权利与义务的分配原则。健康公平意味着健康权利与健康责任的合理分配,它关系到社会和谐、补偿正义与政府执政的合法性,既是健康权利与健康责任的统一,也是个人责任与政府责任的统一,已经成为我国政府卫生改革与发展的目标。健康公平受社会经济关系、政策目标和个人自由选择等多种因素的影响,其实现程度总是具体的、有限的。     

NGO在公共卫生服务中的角色分析

公共卫生服务是公共服务的内容之一。虽然公共卫生服务主要是政府的职责,但也是可以通过多种组织形态来提供的。本文分析了国家级NGO参与公共卫生项目的数量、比例和领域,提出了公共卫生服务中NGO的补充角色及其具体体现,包括在人力资源、资金、特殊领域和内容、特殊地区和人群以及服务模式探索等方面的补充作用,并从筹资和服务两个方面总结了NGO参与的方式。基于此,作者提出NGO和政府在公共卫生领域良性互动的模式。     

广州市游泳场所的卫生现状及对策

游泳是一项集娱乐与健身为一体的体育运动,近年来深受人们喜爱。游泳场所卫生状况好坏会直接影响公众的健康,特别是青少年的身体健康。若游泳场所的卫生管理或池水消毒不善,将导致肠道传染病、结膜炎等介水传染病的发生和流行。为了进一步加强对我市游泳场所的监管,保障公众的健康,我们积极探索游泳场所长效的管理模式,并在全市游泳场所的卫生监督中予以运用。     

The role of inspection sequence in compliance with the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) standards: Interpretations and implications

We examined the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) inspections in the US to identify the effects of repeated inspections and the time between inspections on non-compliance. Our sample included 549,398 inspections conducted from 1972 through 2006 in manufacturing plants in the 29 states where federal OSHA enforces the law. We controlled for inspection type, industry, establishment size, and year. The number of total violations cited fell by 28%–48% from the first to the second inspection; after that, the numbers declined much more slowly. These effects were found in every one of the four sub-periods examined. The number of violations cited increased with each additional year since the prior inspection after controlling for other variables; however, the increases were small, totaling approximately 15% over five years. OSHA should probably give higher priority to first time inspections than to repeated inspections. The current requirement that at least two years elapse between planned inspections should probably be lengthened.     

在警察培训中开展心理行为训练的实践与思考

在警察培训中开展心理行为训练已成为提高警察心理素质和心理健康水平的重要途径。针对当前开展心理行为训练现状,提出了心理行为训练项目的训练过程分为训前心理建设、训中心理体验和训后心理分享,以及在警察培训中开展心理行为训练的几点思考。     

新生代农民工心理问题探析

2010年中央一号文件提出要“着力解决新生代农民工问题”，这说明新生代农民工这个庞大的群体已经引起中央的重视。针对新生代农民工存在的自卑、孤僻、逆反等不良心理，我们必须通过打破体制性障碍，探索有效的教育途径，发挥家庭、学校和社会的合力作用等对策解决新生代农民工的心理问题。     

略论中国传统文化之生存及养生智慧

中国"儒家为主道家为辅"的传统文化,之所以几千年绵延不绝,其固有生命力来自于它自身的适应性和合理性。儒家的积极入世成为推动中国社会不断向前发展与进步的文化主流。而道家则提倡"清静无为,逍遥随性"。儒家给人鼓励,而道家则在人低落的时候,是可以给人慰藉、劝人平和的,儒道互补,叫人进退有度,从而回旋有余。     

Beyond public administration? HIV/AIDS policy networks and the transformation of public administration in Botswana

What impact has HIV/AIDS had on the structure of public administration and what further lessons do these changes hold for other policy sectors in Botswana? For long, Botswana has had the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS, bringing many developmental challenges. An under‐researched facet of HIV/AIDS is the effect it had on the public administration in Botswana. Whereas classical approaches to public administration suggest that it is ‘civil’ service organisations that lead in health administration, HIV/AIDS spawned a particular type of organisation, the policy network. In mitigating HIV/AIDS, the policy environment became more fragmented with networks for treatment, prevention, advocacy and research emerging. These networks are made up of entities from the public, private for‐profit and not for‐profit sectors. They participate in the agenda setting, formulation, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of HIV/AIDS policy. Traditional public administration theories cease to hold sway; private actors become engaged in ‘public policy’ and the other way round. Policy is carried out in horizontal arrangements; linking government, business and non‐governmental organisations in mutual inter‐dependences. Health care professionals share policy spaces with the media, social scientists and politicians. New challenges face public policy‐making including co‐ordination problems, fragmented accountability and shared policy spaces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

改进的Apriori算法在监狱警察心理健康中的应用

基于SCL-90的心理健康数据的传统Apriori算法在应用上有其不足，而基于客观兴趣度和频繁闭项两方面改进的Apriori算法，克服了传统Apriori的不足，避免了关联规则的不相关性和冗余性，实验也证实了改进算法的必要性和可行性。这种改进的Apriori算法在监狱警察心理健康调查中具有应用价值。