The effectiveness of rural versus urban nonprofit organisations in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a country with high natural resources, but it has suffered from decades of civil wars and social turmoil, being heavily aid-dependent. In the DRC, several Nonprofit Organisations (NPOs) are major players in fighting poverty and enhancing welfare. This research aims to analyse the effectiveness of small NPOs in improving poor peoples’ lives through health, education, and economic activities. Two NPOs working in the DRC, one in a rural and the other in an urban area, are compared by researching the aid sites and surveying 201 households (aid beneficiaries). Our case observations and the survey results facilitate analysing the mission accomplishment, effectiveness, and accountability of the NPOs although we admit that the DRC conditions make exact measurements difficult. Multivariate analyses are used to study the differences in aid impacts. There are significant differences in the beneficiaries’ perception of the NPO effectiveness in improving health while no significant differences in education impact were found. This is probably because both case NPOs have succeeded in getting a large proportion of the children of their area registered in the education centres created by the NPOs. Differences were observed in the accountability and reporting style of the NPOs.     

PATH: pioneering innovation for global health at the public–private interface

Seattle-based PATH is one of the world’s largest not-for profit organisations focused on improving health in low-income countries. This article argues the history of this understudied organisation is critical to understanding how collective action focused on facilitating developing countries’ access to essential health technologies is structured. Since its establishment almost 40 years ago, the organisation has been a catalyst for multidisciplinary public–private collaboration that has produced affordable, culturally appropriate health technologies. From its origins in reproductive health, enabling contraceptive technology transfers and advising on regulatory standards, to its more recent managerial roles in the development of inexpensive vaccines produced in developing countries, PATH has repeatedly illustrated how public–private collaboration in product research and development can increase poor populations’ access to essential health technologies. This in turn has provided substance to the contested narrative that engaging business is critical to reducing global health disparities.     

Implementation Challenges of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Selected Districts in Ghana: Evidence from the Field

Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme, introduced in 2003, aims to remove financial barriers to health-care access and bridge the inequality gaps in health care. This paper reports on a study of the implementation process in four local government areas in southern and northern Ghana. The paper profiles key institutional actors and draws on qualitative interview data from 33 in-depth interviews. Findings highlight the gaps and challenges that have emerged in the implementation process. Issues of managerial capacity, inadequate and uneven distribution of medical facilities and health-care professionals, cost escalation, fraud and abuse, and reimbursement of providers threaten the sustainability of the scheme.     

科学开展工会劳动保护工作的实践研究

基于中国职业安全卫生的基本状况和安全生产的紧迫形势,客观分析当前工会劳动保护工作难于开展的根本原因,从理论创新推动工作创新的角度,系统分析各级工会组织在工会劳动保护工作方面的有益尝试和良好做法,作出科学发展工会劳动保护工作的基本对策。     

工会主动参与劳动安全卫生工作机制的研究

维护劳动者安全健康权益是工会维权的重要内容,完善劳动安全卫生工作机制是工会面临的重大课题。由于劳动关系的深刻变化,迫切需要建立一种符合市场经济规律、适合非公有制企业需要、主动依法监督参与的工作机制。劳动安全卫生工作机制,突破以往工会劳动安全卫生工作的模式,实现工会维权方式的历史性跨越。     

从大学生体质健康变化趋势的角度洞察高校体育教学改革

高校体育教学作为实施健康教育的主阵地,一直是教学研究的重点内容。但经过比较发现,体育教学改革的进程中,大学生的体质健康水平却在下降,特别是耐力素质下降尤其明显。究其根源,目前的体育教学改革往往局限于形式,而实际的内容没有本质的改变,无法提高体育教学的效果。所以,高校体育教学应在革新竞争机制、创新体育教学理念、丰富体育教学内容、拓展体育教学形式和体育教学模式等方面进行深入革新,以保证体育教学的有效实施,改善目前大学生的体质健康状况。     

个人健康医疗信息和隐私权保护

Personal health care and medical treatment information are both personal information which can be used as a sign to identify each individual. Such information shall be under the control of the owner. The comprehensiveness of personal health care and medical treatment information makes it more valuable than the simplex personal information. The controlling right of personal health care and medical treatment information is irretrievable once deprived. The rights of controlling, managing and using regarding personal health care and medical treatment information can be separated appropriately. The right of privacy is an independent personality right. For the protection of public interests, the right of personal privacy shall be appropriately limited. Meanwhile, the government shall be responsible for the protection of personal health care and medical treatment information. Tang Xiaotian is a professor and supervisor in charge of the development and planning division of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, and deputy General Secretary-in-chief of the Society of Law of Shanghai, whose main studies is focused on victim science, criminal law and criminology. Till now, he has 8 monographs and over 90 articles published in academic journals.     

青少年犯罪心理原因剖析及预防——以心理健康教育为视角

青少年犯罪问题己越来越突出,成为摆在人们面前的一个不容忽视的严峻的社会问题,预防青少年犯罪已成为我们社会各部门、学校及家庭必须研究、认识和解决的课题。本文中主要对青少年犯罪的心理原因进行剖析,并从心理健康教育的角度提出对策。     

青少年学生产生亚健康的主要成因及体育对策

亚健康正在无情地侵蚀着青少年学生的身心健康,并引发了许多心理问题与行为偏差。分析在校青少年亚健康产生原因,积极寻找体育对策和体育健康处方,对防范和矫治亚健康具有十分重要的意义。     

律师的社会心理素养

律师社会心理是行业文化的内在潜质，有组织地、科学地对其加以修养调适，是在中国该项朝阳产业发展到一定规模后各方面亟待规范的治理之本；培育健康的律师文化以使之成为社会先进文化的特殊组成部分，是主管机关及行业协会的历史责任。