Crime in Central and Eastern European Countries in the Enlarged Europe

An enlarged European Union not only means more territory and a greater population, but also more crimes and perpetrators of crimes. The European integration brings a new challenge to criminology. Comparison of crime statistics across countries is still one of the most difficult methodological problems in criminological analyses. Countries differ in respect of their penal systems and penal policies. Reporting and statistical systems are also different. How, then, can one compare crime between European countries? Can one say where it is safer or where the police work better? Can one determine what the manner of data collection should be so that it reflects reality accurately? This article concentrates on a representation of some trends of crime in Central and Eastern European countries. A main source of information about crime are official crime statistics collected according to the methodological rules worked out by the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics. In the case of homicide, police data are confronted with vital statistics gathered by the World Heath Organization (WHO). The statistics on assault and robbery were compared, as much as possible, with the victimization data from the International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS). The socio-economic context of the crime, the main circumstances of the crime statistics, which affected the interpretation of the crime trends for Central and Eastern European Countries, is presented.     

关于加快吉林省汽车产业发展的几点思考

一个经济系统中总有超越平均增长水平的具有潜力或现实较高经济增长率,并对整个经济增长起着举足轻重的作用的经济支撑点,即增长点。面对吉林省的经济发展现状和特点,我们认为汽车产业应作为吉林省未来的经济增长点。所以,我们要认清形势,抓住机会,采取具体措施,加快汽车产业的发展,促进吉林省经济更好更快地前行。     

完善我国知识产权制度 促进自主创新

完善的知识产权制度,是提升自主创新能力,进而促进产业结构优化升级、实现经济增长方式转变和提高国家竞争力的重要手段。我们要进一步建立和完善现代知识产权制度,大力推进知识产权政策体系、管理体系、保护体系及服务体系建设,逐步提高知识产权保护强度,优化有利于促进自主创新的制度环境。用知识产权制度保障和促进自主创新,提高企业核心竞争力。     

大鼠脊髓挫伤后BDNF表达的实验性研究

目的探讨大鼠脊髓挫伤后脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在脊髓内的表达变化规律。方法建立大鼠脊髓挫伤模型,以正常脊髓组织为对照,采用RT-PCR和免疫组化SABC法对伤后即刻、1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、3d、5d、7d大鼠脊髓组织中的BDNF和BDNF mRNA进行检测,并对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果正常大鼠脊髓组织细胞内有低水平的BDNF mRNA表达和少量BDNF阳性染色细胞,BDNF mRNA和BDNF的积分光密度(IOD)值分别为45.83±3.545、20286.225±2094.955,BDNF阳性细胞数为16.50±3.391;伤后6~12h,BDNF mRNA和BDNF呈升高趋势,5d达高峰,二者的IOD值及阳性细胞数分别为795.83±112.55、54272.143±2704.239和158.17±12.287。伤后7d,BDNF mRNA和BDNF的IOD值及阳性细胞数分别为655.17±80.871、42249.928±809.391和100.17±5.529。各组之间比较,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。BDNF免疫阳性细胞在损伤早期主要是脊髓神经元和少量星形胶质细胞,后期则以小胶质细胞为主。结论大鼠脊髓挫伤后,脊髓组织细胞中的BDNF及其mRNA增多,并随伤后时间呈现一定规律性变化。     

我国环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在性检验

随着我国经济的高速增长,环境污染与资源短缺正日益加剧.利用计量经济学对我国环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在性进行实证检验的结果表明,我国的环境库兹涅茨曲线并不是必然存在的,不同环境污染指标与经济发展的关系存在显著差异.我国在经济快速增长的同时,应该合理保护环境与利用资源,努力实现可持续发展的战略目标.     

神经生长因子对牛腔前卵泡体外培养的影响

用改良的McCoy’s 5a培养液(含 3 mmol/L L-谷氨酰胺、1 g/L BSA、29 ng/mL睾酮、2.5μg/mL转铁蛋白、100 ng/mL胰岛素和4 ng/mL硒),在96孔培养板中,每孔250μL培养液条件下,研究了神经生长因子(NGF)对牛腔前卵泡体外发育的影响。结果表明:在培养液中添加 3种不同浓度(4、6、8 IU/mL)NGF对体外培养的d<60μm腔前卵泡有促进生长的作用。在体外培养10 d时,3种不同浓度NGF组的d<60μm腔前卵泡及其卵母细胞直径平均增长值显著高于对照组,但对60μm130μm的腔前卵泡作用不显著。同时,不同浓度的 NGF显著提高了d<60μm腔前卵泡的发育率。     

猪生长激素基因的原核表达及其抗体制备

通过构建pGH基因的原核表达质粒,转化大肠埃希氏菌TOP10,经IPTG诱导,成功表达了重组猪生长激素的融合蛋白。经SDS PAGE分析,在分子质量50.4ku处有1条新的特异蛋白质条带。对以包涵体形式表达的融合蛋白进行SDS PAGE分离,并经透析得到了重组融合蛋白,以此融合蛋白免疫家兔,制备并纯化了抗pGH多克隆抗体,经酶联免疫吸附测定、蛋白质印迹分析和免疫组织化学方法检测,此抗体具有较高效价和特异性。成功地表达了pGH基因并获得了多克隆抗体。     

egr-miR-71过表达对绵羊PBMCs蛋白组的差异表达分析

为了探究细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus granulosus)来源的miR-71(egr-miR-71)对绵羊外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)蛋白组的影响。本研究使用密度梯度离心法分离得到绵羊PBMCs,并使用电穿孔法将egr-miR-71转染至绵羊PBMCs,用qPCR检测转染效率。基于iTRAQ方法,对比分析egr-miR-71过表达对绵羊PBMCs蛋白表达的影响,通过qPCR和Western-blotting对骨髓源性生长因子(MYDGF)转录水平和翻译水平进行验证。结果显示,绵羊PBMCs转染egr-miR-71模拟物后,miR-71的相对表达量极显著上调(P<0.01)。利用iTRAQ共鉴定出7642个蛋白质,其中157个呈差异表达,与对照组相比,68个蛋白显著上调,89个蛋白显著下调。下调的蛋白主要包括巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、MYDGF、酰基辅酶A结合蛋白(ACBP)和碳酸酐酶(CAs)等。这些差异蛋白主要参与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)等信号通路。qPCR和Western-blotting结果显示,与对照组相比,模拟物转染组中MYDGF转录和翻译水平均显著下调(P<0.05)。通过对转染egr-miR-71后绵羊PBMCs的蛋白进行组学分析,初步了解了egr-miR-71对绵羊PMBCs表达蛋白的调控,鉴定出的差异蛋白可能在细粒棘球蚴与宿主互作中发挥重要作用。这为深入研究细粒棘球绦虫的感染机制提供了思路,也为新型抗包虫病药物的研发提供了理论依据。     

论刑法中的“主观的超过要素”

“主观的超过要素”是与内心的超过要素、主观违法要素既相联系又有区别的一个概念,其涉及对违法性本质的理解与把握。但是,只有承认修正的客观违法论时“主观的超过要素”理论才有存在的价值。     

The Trade-Induced Learning Effect on Growth: Cross-Country Evidence

One of the important trade effects on growth is technology diffusion through learning by doing. Chuang [1998] proposed a trade-induced learning theory in which the nature of traded goods and the trading partners are two key factors determining the effectiveness of the trade-induced learning. The former conveys the characteristics that a country can learn; the latter determines the level of technology from which a country can learn. Using cross-country data, this article constructs a set of the trade-induced learning variables by taking into account trading partners and the characteristics of the traded goods and further tests the trade-induced learning hypothesis. The results show that holding other variables constant, trade-induced learning has a positive and significant effect on growth and the estimated effect implies that a one-standard-deviation increase in the trade-induced learning variable is estimated to generate an effect of between 0.4 to 1.0 percentage points on the annual growth rate. Robustness test shows that the trade-induced learning variable passes the extreme-bound analysis and also outperforms other conventional trade variables advocated in the literature.