History of Traumatic Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviorsin Severely Mentally Ill Substance Abusing Adults

Epidemiological studies in the United States estimate HIV seroprevalence rates ranging between 4% and 23% for serious mentally ill adults (SMIA; i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other chronic disorders with psychotic features), with substantially greater estimates for risky sexual behaviors. Among the most consistent factors linked to HIV risk in non-SMIA populations is a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. The current study examined the intersection of abuse history and HIV sexual risk behavior in SMIAs with a group of men (n = 64) and women (n = 115) recruited from eight geographically diverse and representative clinical sites around Florida. A cross-sectional interview revealed a high prevalence of alcohol and other drugs problems, as well as a history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse in 75% of the participants, with 68% of these reporting multiple types of abuse. Compared to nonabused counterparts, those with a history of abuse reported significantly greater: (a) lifetime and current psychiatric symptoms, (b) recent unprotected sexual intercourse, and (c) crack cocaine, heroin, and marijuana use. No gender differences were detected in the associations of abuse history and sexual risk behaviors. These results underscore the need for HIV prevention efforts targeted to SMIAs and the critical importance of addressing abuse history in interventions with this underserved population.     

Construct Validity of the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire and Its Relationship with Self-Esteem,Depression, and Ego Development

Construct validity of the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire (OSIQ) was studied in a sample of 194 normal Finnish adolescents from 14 to 16 years of age. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the hierarchical structure of adolescents’ self-image with 5 lower-order factors loading on a single higher-order factor. Lower-order factors were Personally Anxious Self, Social Relationships, Sexual Attitudes, Family Relationships, and Social Conscience. The relationships between the self-image areas of the OSIQ, global self-esteem, depression, and ego development were also examined. The results support the construct, convergent, and discriminant validity of the presented structure of the OSIQ.He received M.A. from University of Helsinki. Major research interest concern adolescent psychological developmentHe received Ph.D. from University of Helsinki. Major research interests include psychosocial health risks and organizational behavior.He received M.D. from Lausanne University and Ph.D. from Helsinki University. Major research interests include attachment issues, fatherhood, and foster parenting.He received his Ph.D. in psychiatry from the University of Helsinki. Major research interests are developmental theory of adolescence and personality development of adolescents in chronic illness.He received Ph.D. from University of Cambridge. Major research interests concern personality and developmental psychology.     

Gender Differential Influences of Early Adolescent Risk Factors for the Development of Depressive Affect

Based on a model by Cyranowski, J., et al. (2000), Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 57: 21–27, adolescents at-risk for the development of depressive symptoms were identified. Adolescents were considered at-risk if they had 2 or more of the following early adolescent risk factors: (1) insecure parental attachment, (2) anxious/inhibited temperament, (3) low instrumental coping skills, and (4) early pubertal maturation. Nonrisk adolescents had zero or just one risk factor. Using data from a 10-year longitudinal study on the development of adolescents’ health, with 5 points of data assessment (i.e., 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, and 12 + 4 follow-up), the impact of the four early adolescent risk factors on the development of emotional tone was investigated. Emotional tone was measured by the Emotional Tone Scale of the SIQYA (Petersen, A. C., et al. (1984), J. Youth Adolesc. 13: 93–111), an indicator for positive emotional tone and low depressed affect. Growth curve modeling was applied to reveal significant gender differences in level and slope for the development of emotional tone over the adolescent years. Latent Growth Curve Models can be seen as a combination consisting of repeated measures analysis of variance and autoregressive analyses to evaluate the latent change of the variables under investigation (Rovine, M. J., and Molenaar, P. C. M. (2000), Multivar. Behav. Res. 35(1): 51–88). At-risk girls revealed poorer levels of emotional tone which stayed almost at the same low level up to young adulthood (i.e., 12 + 4), indicating a long lasting impact of the specified risk factors. In contrast, at-risk boys showed poorer emotional tone in early adolescence, but at the end of adolescence boys at-risk had the same level of emotional tone as nonrisk boys. At-risk girls showed significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms at grade 12 and at 12 + 4.Assistant Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. He received his master’s degree from the Technical University Berlin in 1989 and his PhD from the Pennsylvania State University in 1993. His research interests encompass developmental psychology and methodology.Senior Vice President for Programs at the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, Michigan. She received her PhD from the University of Chicago.     

努力培育军队政治工作学新的知识增长点

跨入新世纪后 ,军队政治工作学既面临着新的挑战 ,也面临着发展的机遇。勇敢地迎接挑战 ,必须抓住机遇 ,富有成效地培育出军队政治工作学新的知识增长点。为此 ,应在传承我军政治工作优良传统的基础上 ,大胆改革创新 ,着力于挖掘其历史渊源 ,比较其优势弱项 ,探索其内在规律 ,预测其发展走向 ,整合其知识体系 ,并在实践中努力探索培育军队政治工作学新的知识增长点的基本路径。     

中国当前经济形势与未来发展展望

当今中国经济已成为世界瞩目的焦点,中国能否继续保持高速增长一直为世人所关注。改革开放近30年来,中国在成为“中国价格”话题中心的同时,不断改善国内产业结构,抵御各方压力,取得了瞩目的成绩。今后中国应采取适合形势需要的发展战略,努力保持经济的稳定发展。     

天津滨海新区的发展与环渤海地区的历史性机遇

天津滨海新区的开发开放列入《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》,不但为滨海新区和天津市的发展带来了重大的历史性机遇,而且也将对整个环渤海地区的发展产生深远的影响。做大做强滨海新区,克服区域经济合作中的体制性障碍,延长新区产业链,将使天津滨海新区成为环渤海地区的一个重要的“增长极”,并有力地推动区域经济合作的发展。     

论当代大学生职业价值观--来自上海交通大学的调查

对上海交通大学2005届毕业生进行的调查表明,职业价值观分为职业促进因素、职业保健因素、职业声望因素三个因素;职业规划、就业方面的实力、家庭和朋友的期望、社会关系是大学生择业的影响因素;能发挥自己的才能是毕业生择业时考虑的首要因素,择业地点上优先考虑大城市、沿海开放城市,大学生择业自主性更为明显.     

道路交通事故成因与对策

道路交通事故给国家和人民群众生命安全带来很大影响,如何减少和预防交通事故,改善道路交通安全状况是值得研究的重大课题。道路交通事故原因是复杂的,但重要的是人的因素。只要大家都重视交通安全,自觉遵守和维护交通秩序,社会各界关心交通安全,公安交通管理部门严格执法,服务群众,改善道路状况,道路交通事故一定能够降下来。     

福建省农村剩余劳动力转移：特点、制约因素及对策研究

福建素有“八山一水一分田”之称。人多地少,劳动力过剩使得农村劳动力转移成为一股不可逆转的潮流。当前仍然还有300多万的农村剩余劳动力,农村就业压力并没得到根本缓解。因此,必须采取得力措施,促进农村剩余劳动力合理有序流动,这也是维护社会和谐稳定,协调城乡发展和全面推进小康社会建设的必由之路。     

论“十一五”期间我国文化产业的增长速度问题

“十一五”文化产业发展规划提出我国文化产业年均15%的增长目标,这是非常必要的。从需求和供给两个方面看,我国文化产业具备了快速发展的条件。应从体制、产业结构、资源配置、提升国际竞争力等方面采取有效措施,确保“十一五”文化产业发展规划目标的实现。