我国计算机软件最终用户责任问题的历史考察

计算机软件最终用户责任问题是数字技术与互联网的发展给中国著作权领域带来的一个挑战.对这一问题,不同利益集团为了各自利益针锋相对,学界也是观点不一.文章结合我国2001年<计算机软件保护条例>,对计算机软件最终用户责任问题进行了历史考察,进而对条例新的修改内容作出现状评析.     

论告诉才处理的法律定位

告诉才处理法律定位的传统观点是不全面的、值得商榷的 ,应当针对两种不同情况加以区分 :告诉权人积极告诉的情况下 ,它是诉讼条件 ;在告诉权人不告诉或撤回告诉的情况 ,刑法实际上放弃了对行为人行为的积极干预 ,刑事程序无法对之进行评价 ,行为人行为是刑法容忍的行为 ,不构成犯罪。因而 ,它是一种犯罪构成阻却事由。     

论民族法律文化视角下“法律多元”的含义与现状

在民族法律文化及少数民族习惯法研究者的学术话语当中,“法律多元”是一个常用的词汇,它通常被用以描述各族习惯法与国家法多元并存的法律现实状况。值得注意的是,“法律多元”本身并不是一个具有统一和明确含义的概念,在当代中国国家法制统一的背景之下,对“法律多元”的使用尤需慎重。当借助“法律多元”的理论对多重法律体系的状况进行描述时,应当根据特定的语境和视角,对“多元”的含义加以必要的说明。立足于少数民族法律文化研究的视角,语境化地对我国“法律多元”的含义以及现实状况进行描述和分析时,亦应如此。     

老工业基地国有企业社会责任与国有企业改革研究

企业社会责任是一个"多元"概念,拥有不同的维度和权重。不同性质和特点的企业履行企业社会责任的方式也存在着区别。国有企业模范的履行企业社会责任需要更多地注重国有经济的功能方面。在不同的时代背景下,国有企业社会责任有不同的偏重。老工业基地的地域特点和发展方式转变的时代背景,决定了我国老工业基地国有企业社会责任的特殊性。老工业基地国有企业改革与此背景下的老工业基地国有企业社会责任相融合,有利于实现老工业基地又好又快地发展。     

FIGHTING OVER TRIVIAL THINGS: EXPLAINING THE ISSUE OF CONTENTION IN VIOLENT ALTERCATIONS*

Violent altercations can lead to serious injury and death, and yet some interpersonal disputes that prompt physical violence originate over what are seemingly trivial issues. This study evaluates the theoretical premise that violence stemming from what typically are defined as trivial altercations can be explained by what is at stake in these conflicts; trivial altercations, or fights about “nothing,” actually represent symbolic contests of dominance and deference. These status contests are necessary primarily when the social relationship between opponents is symmetrical—when a dominance hierarchy is not clearly established. Data from interviews with incarcerated women in Ontario, Canada, show that relationship symmetry strongly predicts the issue of contention in their physically violent altercations. These findings suggest that, when violence erupts over trivial issues, both parties to the altercation essentially are locked in a battle for social rank.     

晚清典志体史学名著的时代特色——兼论晚清史学的历史地位

中国史学发展到晚清,新的时代需要推动历史编纂的发展,一批见识卓越的史家均重视对典志体的改造。这一现象实有其深刻的必然性。典志体史书有两大特点:一是内容包涵宏富,适于记载典章制度和社会各方面情状;二是篇目设立极具灵活性,可根据需要增减、扩充,储备新知识,发表新见解。晚清民族危机深重,改造了的典志体正能符合呼唤御侮图强和倡导了解外国、学习外国的迫切需要,因而大放异彩。魏源、徐继畲、黄遵宪等爱国史家先后撰成的名著《海国图志》、《瀛寰志略》、《日本国志》,均具有鲜明的时代特点和宝贵的创新价值,并对探求救国道路产生了深远的影响。     

Mononationals,hyphenationals, and shadow-nationals: multiple citizenship as practice

Multiple citizenship has in recent decades moved from an unwanted phenomenon in international relations to a fairly common transnational status. Multiple citizenship has nevertheless so far been studied mainly as a political and juridical status by comparing national legislations. Much less notice has been given to actual dual citizens' citizen participation and construction of citizens' identities. Only when citizenship is studied as these kinds of practices do the hypothetic possibilities and problems associated with the status get their meanings and contents. This paper concentrates on examining dual citizens' identifications to their respective citizenships and how these affiliations transfer into possible citizen participation. Results are based on extensive analysis of survey (n = 335) and interviews (n = 48) carried out among dual citizens living in Finland. Contents and forms of dual citizens' national identification and citizen participation were reviewed through ideal types: resident-mononationals, expatriate-mononationals, hyphenationals, and shadow-nationals.     

Evidence of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century iron production and ironworking in Vidzeme (the example of Ropaži manor): an interdisciplinary approach

ABSTRACT

Using Ropa?i Manor as an example, this article analyzes evidence of iron production and ironworking in Vidzeme in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, characterizing the first results from an interdisciplinary study of this previously almost unresearched field. Content analysis of written sources in conjunction with linguistic analysis, archeological fieldwork, remote sensing and geophysics, paleobotany, and analysis of forest growing conditions illuminate aspects of economic life linked to or hypothetically relating to iron supply and processing, namely iron importation and circulation, craft activities, and charcoal production far exceeding local needs. Local iron production is not proven; neither is there evidence excluding it.     

三十年来日本满铁研究现状述评

满铁是近代日本设于中国东北最大的殖民统治机构。日本通过满铁攫取中国的政治、经济、社会和文化等情报,控制中国交通,掠夺资源,以此达到对华殖民统治目的。日本战败后,满铁大部分文献资料留存于中国,分散于国内数十家图书馆。这批规模巨大、卷帙浩繁的满铁文献资料,是研究中国东北地方史、近现代中日关系史和东北亚国际关系史极为珍贵的第一手资料。近30年来日本学界对满铁资料及满铁史的研究取得了令人瞩目的成果,但也存在一些问题需要引起我们的重视。     

我国民法调整对象主流学说的重新审视

"平等说"和"商品关系说"是我国民法调整对象的主流学说,二者都是继受前苏联民法调整对象学说的结果。我国的"商品关系说"遵循了前苏联法的逻辑,即从价值规律出发来阐述民法存在的必要性和当事人的平等。"平等说"与"商品关系说"具有内在一致性。在否定民法是私法的历史条件下采纳这两种学说,是民法学界为在实质上为民法赢得地位,又能不至于引起思想大动荡的一种智慧之举。"商品关系说"固然具有一定的局限性和片面性,但是,从历史合理性和人的需求角度来评价该学说,学术批评才可能具有"客观性"和"历史性"。