VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN U.S. METROPOLITAN AREAS: CHANGES IN WOMEN'S STATUS AND RISK, 1980–2004*

This article examines the impact of women's status on rates of violence against women using longitudinal data from the National Crime Survey and National Crime Victimization Survey for 40 U.S. metropolitan areas for the period 1980 to 2004. Drawing on feminist and routine activities perspectives, we specify hypotheses about the association between women's status and violent victimization, some of which predict different effects depending on whether the offender is a stranger, intimate, or known (nonintimate) other. Consistent with feminist and other perspectives, we find that absolute increases in women's labor force participation, income, and education are associated with decreases in intimate partner violence. Our findings also provide limited support for the backlash hypothesis by showing that increases in female labor participation relative to men are associated with increases in intimate partner violence but not with increases in violence by others. Consistent with routine activities theory, the data also indicate that absolute increases in female labor force participation are associated with increases in victimization by strangers and by known others. Furthermore, we find that absolute increases in female voter participation are associated with decreases in violence for all victim–offender relationship categories. The findings thus show that changes in the status of women have both positive and negative associations with violence victimization, and that comparative analyses of different types of violence are necessary for clarifying the sources of violence against women.     

Food Safety Warrior

正A graduate student becomes the latest online phenomenon with his Internet database of problematic food Wu Heng,a 27-year-old postgraduate student in historical geography at Fudan University in Shanghai,never expected the food safety informationsharing website he created a year ago would go viral as it did in May.On May 11 alone the site received 404,000 visits,compared     

结构、行为与制度：中国人民代表大会制度的历史变迁研究

人民代表大会制度地位设计的至上性和权威性与实际运行中缺乏其独立性和自主性之间的矛盾,使得它在权力运行和制度实施中出现事实与价值的不吻合。这种不吻合归根结底是人大制度的制度空间演变的问题．即人大制度设计的制度空间与人大制度现实运行中的实际空间不相符合。学术界从结构、权力、行为者和历史四个方面寻找原因,虽各有侧重但缺乏全面性。文章运用历史制度主义的分析范式,以平衡政治价值与科学价值的内在张力为出发点,将人大制度的变迁放置于历史时空中,在制度设计、制度调适、制度发展的动态运行过程中观察各种变量．即环境变量、观念变量、行为变量和制度变量之间的相互作用和变化过程及对制度产生的影响,以此探求问题产生的根源和人大制度变迁的历史合理性。     

透视当代美国华人的社会经济地位

二战后美国华人的社会经济地位比战前有相当大的提高,他们的教育水平、职业地位和家庭平均年收入总体上超出了美国白人的平均水平.但这并不表明华人的实际社会经济地位已经比美国主流群体优越.事实上,华人较多的教育投入并未得到相应比例的回报.在同等教育层次下他们的职业地位和收入水平均低于白人.此外,华人族群内部在教育水平、职业地位和收入方面存在两极分化的现象;华人与美国其他亚裔群体相比,在某些方面处于劣势.     

连体人的法律人格及其权利冲突协调

连体人属于民事主体中自然人的范畴。凡是具有独立人脑、具有独立的意志以及确定为一定的社会角色的连体人个体,都应当具有独立的法律人格。他们具有民事权利能力,但可能是无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人或者欠缺民事行为能力人,因此需要以监护制度予以补正。他们的出生权、分离权在行使过程中会发生权利冲突,需要法律进行协调。     

论归侨身份确认和安置法律制度的现状与发展

确认归侨身份是侨务法律制度中的一个重要问题,也是对其进行安置和保护其权益的基础和起点。归侨能否融入国内主流社会是检验归侨安置政策的最重要标准,以此标准衡量,我国过去60年来的归侨安置政策不完全成功。现行归侨安置法律存在着归侨身份确认不严谨、安置内容不明确、社会保障范围窄、忽视融入的重要地位和核心作用等问题。因而有必要积极探索建立公民居留期制度,实现公民动态管理,完善确认归侨身份的法规规章,明确“促进融合”新对待归侨方针,免费提供强迫性和自愿性融合课程,澄清现行法律归侨安置方面的歧义性规定,进而完善归侨身份确认和安置法律制度。     

我国网络政治参与问题浅析

互联网技术的发展带动了网络政治参与的兴起,网络的方便快捷使得广大网民轻动鼠标即可实现参政议政,极大地改变了公众参与政治热情不高以及政治参与无门的状况。政府应积极引导,规范秩序,通过分析网络政治参与的现状和完善对策,对目前还存在的消极影响加以改进,使网络更加合理地为政治服务,促进其健康发展。     

Latinos in the war on drugs: The role of offender citizenship status and family ties on downward departures

The present study analyzes Latino drug offenders sentenced in U.S. federal courts from 2006–2014 in order to assess whether any family ties effects were contingent on offenders’ citizenship status. The findings indicate that citizenship status conditions the influence of family ties on the decision to grant downward departures, but not the decision on the magnitude of the discount granted. The findings indicate the importance of conducting intra-ethnic examinations of sentencing outcomes for Latinos rather than assuming parity in treatment and solely comparing them to other groups.     

当代青少年幸福观的现状及特点

通过对安徽省17个城市及农村的2875名青少年的调查,以幸福内容、对幸福的评价、幸福目标取向、幸福手段的选择以及幸福预期的数据分析为基础,可以发现当代青少年的幸福观呈现多层次性、波动性、含混性及狭隘性倾向。     

评本·阿格尔对马克思历史辩证法的理解

加拿大著名马克思主义哲学家本·阿格尔,对马克思的历史辩证法作了深入研究和独到理解.他把历史辩证法与社会主义的实践可能性结合起来,认为历史辩证法是北美实现社会主义的理论武器;历史辩证法在唯物主义与唯心主义、决定论与非决定论之间坚持“中间路线”,始终在资本主义的社会“结构性动力”与“目的性动力”之间寻求统一性,将资本主义危机与工人阶级的革命意志结合起来;用历史辩证法对资本主义社会意识形态进行解蔽,将资本主义被“合理化”的“不合理性”揭示出来,强化无产阶级改变不合理社会的阶级意识、意志和行动.