REDEMPTION IN THE PRESENCE OF WIDESPREAD CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECKS*

Criminal background checks have now become ubiquitous because of advances in information technology and growing concerns about employer liability. Also, a large number of individual criminal records have accumulated and have been computerized in state repositories and commercial databases. As a result, many ex‐offenders seeking employment could be haunted by a stale record. Recidivism probability declines with time “clean,” so some point in time is reached when a person with a criminal record, who remained free of further contact with the criminal justice system, is of no greater risk than a counterpart of the same age—an indication of redemption from the mark of crime. Very little information exists on this measure of time until redemption and on how its value varies with the crime type and the offender's age at the time of the earlier event. Using data from a state criminal‐history repository, we estimate the declining hazard of rearrest with time clean. We first estimate a point of redemption as the time when the hazard intersects the age–crime curve, which represents the arrest risk for the general population of the same age. We also estimate another similar redemption point when the declining hazard comes “sufficiently close” to the hazard of those who have never been arrested. We estimate both measures of redemption as a function of the age and the crime type of the earlier arrest. These findings aid in the development of guidelines for the users of background checking and in developing regulations to enhance employment opportunities for ex‐offenders.     

The Laffer effects of a program of deregulation cum detaxation: the Italian reform of labour contracts in the period 1997–2001

We examine the Laffer effects of the policy of social security tax reduction cum partial deregulation of labour market undertaken in Italy in the period 1997–2001. Laffer effects of tax cut are generally delayed and governments responsible of the reform cannot benefit from the resulting increased revenues when in office. Our empirical findings show that tax cuts combined with policies of liberalization determine almost immediate Laffer effects. In terms of coherent supply-side political programs, the effects of the two measures are not separable. Reflection on our results may broaden the scope of the supply-side policies of deregulation and detaxation.

三种刑事审判对象模式之比较研究

英美法系诉因模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是诉因,法官和检察官原则上无权变更诉因;大陆法系公诉事实模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是公诉事实,法官有权在公诉事实同一的范围内变更指控罪名;日本公诉事实同一下的诉因模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是诉因,检察官有权在公诉事实同一范围内变更诉因。三种刑事审判对象模式之间的差异导致它们在不同诉讼价值的实现上各有优劣,刑事审判对象模式上的差异根源于审判方式上的差异。随着审判方式的相互吸收和融合,刑事审判对象模式之间的差异逐渐变小。     

民间法的限度

民间法作为社会生活中的一种规则,与国家制定法一样,具有自己的生存限度.民间法具有民族性、地域性、强制性、传承性等鲜明的特点.与此相联系,出于对自然的原初的敬畏与恐惧、社会化了的行为尺度、乡土社会的正义观以及类同于国家法的暴力构成了民间法的效力来源和基础.民间法同样发挥着法的作用,只是与国家制定法在作用的内容、方式、方法、强度和向度上存在着差别.     

FTA战略下我国海外能源投资的法律问题研究——以我国投资澳洲能源为例

解决好海外能源投资中出现的法律问题是我国海外能源投资顺利进行的主要保障。海外能源投资出现的法律问题实质上涉及到资本输出国的相关完善的立法以及对于东道国相关外资法律规定的应对。据此对于如何完善我国资本输出的相关立法以及应对发达的东道国的外资法进行抛砖引玉的研究。     

论我国《反垄断法》域外适用制度

我国《反垄断法》于2008年8月1日开始实施,该法确立了建立在效果原则基础上的反垄断法域外适用制度。效果原则确立了国家管辖权行使的法律前提,但容易带来法律冲突。我国应不断完善反垄断执法程序,将效果原则与合理原则配合使用,积极和其他国家与地区开展反垄断执法合作,并不断深化反垄断法域外适用制度的理论研究。     

死刑案件被害人家属信访问题研究

在死刑案件中,被害人家属既难以通过量刑程序实现自己的复仇愿望,也难以通过刑事附带民事诉讼获得应有的赔偿,还难以通过司法救助机制获得充分的救助,这导致了被害人家属很难理性地对待刑事诉讼制度,进而采取信访甚至闹访等非常规手段来主张自己的诉求。为了兼顾死刑判决的法律效果和社会效果,一审法院不得不面临死刑政策与民意之间的直接冲突。一审法院尤其是承办法官在死刑案件一审判决前后始终面临着信访带来的压力。为了妥善处理死刑案件被害人信访问题,需要构建科学、合理的信访工作机制,并以此为契机,稳步、有序地推进涉诉信访工作机制的进一步完善。     

口述史学在中国革命史研究中的功用——以井冈山斗争史口述史料的整理与运用为例

口述史学方法,在中国革命史研究领域运用较多,发挥了一定的研究功用,如井冈山斗争史口述史料的收集与利用就获得了颇为丰硕的研究成果。新史学与历史叙事学的繁荣发展客观上需要史学界更为重视口述史学研究,为历史学的多元化发展提供条件。     

《吕刑》在中国法律史上的地位与影响

《吕刑》所反映的德刑并举治国思维及刑法制度与原则,直接或间接地影响着后世刑法的构建。在法律思想方面,后世社会的明刑弼教、乱世重典及贤人执法理念与《吕刑》有渊源关系,在法律制度,古老的五刑、五听与赎刑也是后世同类制度的嚆矢。《吕刑》中关于上下比罪、简孚有众、其刑上备等定罪量刑原则又分别成为后世的类推、据众证定罪及重罪吸收轻罪等制度的示范。     

《中华人民共和国物权法》背景下在建船舶抵押权的实现

《中华人民共和国物权法》给在建船舶抵押权的担保范围、变更、物上代位、行使条件和方式、顺位、行使期限等抵押权实现问题带来一定影响,弥补了《中华人民共和国海商法》关于实现在建船舶抵押权的许多空白,修订了在建船舶抵押权的实现原来适用《中华人民共和国担保法》相关规定时的不合理之处。但关于在建船舶抵押权对抗第三人的范围、在建船舶浮动抵押制度、在建船舶的接管转让等方面仍存在不足,应对上述内容进行特别法上的修改,使在建船舶抵押权的实现更符合法理,更适应造船业发展的需要。