Spherical Photography and Virtual Tours for Presenting Crime Scenes and Forensic Evidence in New Zealand Courtrooms

The delivery of forensic science evidence in a clear and understandable manner is an important aspect of a forensic scientist's role during expert witness delivery in a courtroom trial. This article describes an Integrated Evidence Platform (IEP) system based on spherical photography which allows the audience to view the crime scene via a virtual tour and view the forensic scientist's evidence and results in context. Equipment and software programmes used in the creation of the IEP include a Nikon DSLR camera, a Seitz Roundshot VR Drive, PTGui Pro, and Tourweaver Professional Edition. The IEP enables a clear visualization of the crime scene, with embedded information such as photographs of items of interest, complex forensic evidence, the results of laboratory analyses, and scientific opinion evidence presented in context. The IEP has resulted in significant improvements to the pretrial disclosure of forensic results, enhanced the delivery of evidence in court, and improved the jury's understanding of the spatial relationship between results.     

朝鲜半岛安全问题及中国与有关各方的合作策略

自朝鲜核试验到最近的"天安"号事件,朝鲜半岛及东北亚安全形势发生重大变化。问题的解决涉及多方甚至整个国际社会。中国应妥善处理中美关系,加强中、日、韩三国间的互信、共识与合作,加强与俄罗斯及国际社会的沟通与合作。在坚决促朝弃核,推进半岛无核化的同时以经济外交为杠杆促朝融入国际社会,在寻求外交谈判解决半岛危机的同时,做好应对半岛可能出现的突发事件的准备。     

基于义务的合作：角色理论与中美东亚安全互动

共同利益常被视为国际安全合作的重要基础,但鉴于中美之间的利益冲突众多,有必要把强调义务而非利益的、基于角色的合作模式作为补充的合作路径。在国际安全关系中,相关国家所应承担的角色及义务有其客观性,基于角色的合作能够为相关议题以及行为体间的合作提供一个相对客观、中性的规范指南与解决方案。朝鲜半岛核问题、南沙岛礁主权争端是东亚安全的两大挑战,中美在这两大问题上的角色互补,是两国基于角色推进良性安全互动的切入点。但出于维护地区霸权的利益考虑以及地区制约机制的缺乏,美国在这两个问题上的角色错位和义务失范趋势越来越明显:美国在朝核问题上逃避自己当事方的责任,本是南沙岛礁主权争端问题的第三方却试图选边站,使得东亚安全局势更加复杂,中美冲突的可能性增加。为此,有必要彰显规则意识,强调相关国家特别是美国在东亚安全议题上的角色义务,最终促使美国角色回归并与中国开展良性安全互动。     

中美司法精神病学鉴定制度比较

拥有专门知识的人才进入司法程序,凭其专业知识对专门技术问题发表意见。这样的人在大陆法系被称为鉴定人,在英美法系则被称为专家证人,我国使用鉴定人称谓。本文从司法鉴定管理体制、司法鉴定人制度、司法鉴定启动制度及司法鉴定程序制度等方面对中美两国司法精神病学的司法鉴定制度进行比较。最后简要介绍两个特殊的问题:最终争论和结论质证。     

东亚海上安全合作中的国际法问题——兼论国家实践中紧追要件的变化

导致海上执法领域沿海国和他国之间的管辖权发生冲突的原因复杂多样,其结果都导致周边国家间的关系对立、影响地区安全、削弱国际海洋法律秩序的统一性和权威性。构建东亚地区海上安全合作机制应在各国普遍接受的国际法框架内进行。为此目的,相关国家需摈弃一味追求本国利益而对国际公约做任意扩大解释,以避免加剧国际法的分裂。     

水上治安管理适用法律：问题、困惑与对策

水上治安管理不同于陆上治安管理。由于水域具有开放性的特点，水上治安管理主要存在非法拦截、非法扣船、非法采砂、强迫交易、霸河霸港、聚众堵塞航道等问题。面对这些问题，水上公安机关在对其进行处理时普遍感到法律依据不足．难以依法处理。为有效打击水上违法犯罪行为，应修改《江西省水上治安管理条例》中相关的规定，同时在《治安管理处罚法》的基础上，对执法方式和执法程序作相应的调整。     

论两岸关系和平发展框架的内涵——基于整合理论的思考

两岸关系和平发展框架的内涵是两岸关系研究中亟需解决的重要理论问题。整合理论能为此提供丰富的理论资源。根据整合理论，整合可分为形式意义的静态整合和实质意义的动态整合，而整合路径包括功能主义、新功能主义和联邦主义。通过整合理论的解释，两岸关系和平发展框架是中国共产党在新世纪新阶段，把握两岸关系主题，立足两岸关系现状，坚持和发展“一国两制”思想所提出的新的两岸整合模式。两岸关系和平发展框架在两岸整合的路径上，杂糅了新功能主义和联邦主义，形成了“Z型整合路径”，从而既保证了“一国两制”的精髓，即在台湾高度自治的条件下实现祖国完全统一，又从现实主义立场确保“一国两制”，可以通过两岸关系和平发展框架，在两岸充分交流和融合的基础上得以实现。     

论中国共产党的社会政策

党的十七大报告中指出，必须在经济发展的基础上，更加注重社会建设，着力保障和改善民生。中国共产党所倡导的理念与实施的政策充分说明，大力加强社会建设成为了落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会的必然要求和重要内容。     

Two-level games,issue politicization and the disarray of Taiwan’s cross-strait policy after the 2000 presidential election

This study aims to illuminate the interactive relationship between domestic politics and external policy in Taiwan’s mainland China policy after the 2000 presidential election. Following the logic of Putnam's two-level games, this paper demonstrates how the newly elected President Chen Shui-bian adopted an ambiguous and evasive approach as well as frequently shifted positions in his dealings with the mainland China issue due to the constraints of his pro-independence constituents and a vigilant, anti-independence Beijing. Employing Knopf's three-to-three games as well as Puchala’s issue politicization, it further shows how Taiwan's opposition parties—the KMT, the PFP, and the NP—as well as Chen's political rivals, took advantage of Chen’s inability to break the Strait impasse by initiating active engagement with Beijing in order to gain political advantages.     

Unemployment: A double burden and a public issue

Almost all European countries suffer from mass unemployment. More than 20 million persons in Europe are out of work. When the unemployment rate reaches such levels it can be assumed that it has implications not only for each unemployed individual but also for society as a whole. In this article, a distinction is made between unemployment as a private trouble and unemployment as a public issue. This distinction with regard to unemployment was introduced by Mills (1959) and illuminates the different, although interrelated, effects of unemployment on the individual and on the overall structure of society. The private trouble perspective raises the question of how individuals are affected by unemployment and the public issue examaines how unemployment affects society as a whole. We apply the reasoning by first discussing the relations between individual consequences of unemployment. We focus on two often neglected aspects, namely, economic hardship and shame. Then the implications for working life and society are discussed. There is much evidence indicating that the social and health consequences of unemployment are not limited to the unemployed and their families but also affect the working life and the overall structure of society. It is argued that mass unemployment might increase the process of social disintegration in society.