中国碳交易市场的核心问题与解决思路

中国碳交易市场已初步形成,但存在的核心问题也比较明显,主要集中在碳交易市场机制不完善、法规法律不健全、政府主管部门监管不足、缺乏碳交易的定价权与碳金融发展滞后等方面,该文围绕上述核心问题分别提出了应对思路。     

Could Innovations in Policing have Contributed to the New York City Crime Drop even in a Period of Declining Police Strength?: The Case of Stop,Question and Frisk as a Hot Spots Policing Strategy

Available data make it impossible to reach strong conclusions about the role of policing in the New York crime decline. Instead, we examine whether innovations implemented in New York fit with what is known about effective policing strategies. Our main analysis focuses on how the New York City Police Department (NYPD) could have continued to contribute to the crime drop over the last decade when the number of police declined significantly. We examine geographic data on crime and stop, question and frisks (SQFs) to show that SQFs are concentrated at crime hot spots. We also show that the NYPD increased these specific hot spots policing strategies despite declining numbers. In our discussion, we speculate on whether this “doing more with less” could be an explanation for the continued crime drop in New York, noting the limitations of drawing conclusions from existing data. We also raise concerns about possible backfire effects of SQF hot spots approaches.     

Social Democratic parties as buffers against the extreme right: the case of Belgium

While the Vlaams Blok (currently Vlaams Belang) became one of the most successful and electorally durable extreme-right parties in Europe in the 1990s, the francophone Front National has yet to achieve a stable basis of support. We argue that an important reason for this divergence has been the behaviour of Social Democratic parties in the two regions of Belgium. In Wallonia, the Parti Socialiste (PS) held onto its traditional electorate through both distributing material benefits and by keeping traditional economic themes, or issues that it ‘owns’, high on the political agenda. The SP (currently SP.A) in Flanders has done less well on both counts. Since Social Democratic parties across Western Europe have lost voters to the extreme right, our comparison suggests that their behaviour is an important variable in understanding cross-national variation in the extreme-right's success.     

Telling more than they can know? Does the most important issue really reveal what is most important to voters?

Recent British Election Studies have asked respondents to nominate ‘the most important issue’. Responses to this question have been used to explain individual vote decisions and characterise the issue-component of those elections. This paper, however, finds limited evidence that individuals place more weight on those issues that they report as ‘most important’ when they vote. It also finds that aggregate responses to the MII question broadly match the estimated ‘average’ impact of those issues on voters. This suggests that even if voters have a limited understanding of what issues matter to themselves they have some understanding of what makes their fellow voters tick.     

《治安管理处罚法》中治安调解的适用

<治安管理处罚法>明确规定,对某些特定的违反治安管理的行为,可以用调解的方式来代替处罚.本文针对实践中存在的一些模糊认识,依据<治安管理处罚法>及<公安机关办理行政案件程序规定>,对治安调解的适用条件、具体的适用规则以及轻伤害案件的调解等作一浅析.     

消费者权益保护的理论与实践探析

1993年10月31日通过的《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》,对保护消费者合法权益,促进社会主义市场经济健康发展具有重要意义,但仍存在一定缺陷。本文拟从该法的调整对象和适用范围、欺诈行为与惩罚性赔偿、归责原则、争议解决途径等方面,就国家对消费者权益的保护及其实践略抒己见。     

Location,location, location: Interdistrict and intercircuit variation in sentencing outcomes for federal drug-trafficking offenses

Research on sentencing has made clear that factors beyond case and offenders' attributes influence court decisions. Environmental and procedural characteristics also significantly affect the sentences of criminal courts. Yet, while state-level studies regularly control for such factors, most research on modern federal determinate sentencing has neglected jurisdictional attributes and variation as sources of extralegal sentence disparity. Using the organizational context and social worlds theoretical perspectives with a multilevel analytical approach, this study assessed how district and circuit of adjudication affect case-level lengths of sentences for federal drug-trafficking offenses, finding that both significantly affect sentencing outcomes and their predictors.     

Turco-British relations,Cold War and reshaping the Middle East: Egypt,Greece and Cyprus (1954–1958)

This article tries to shed light on Turco-British relations in the early Cold War era. It focuses on the two states’ cooperation in Middle Eastern defence, as well as their interactions with Egypt and Greece. Immediately after the Second World War, the Soviet Union and communism were accepted as common threats directed against Turkey, Greece, Britain, the entire Western camp and a broad range of Middle Eastern countries. Washington and London were in search of alliances with regional actors; however, due to the anti-Western attitudes of Egypt in particular, and the anti-Israeli attitudes of the Arabic realm in general, the West was not satisfied with the defence system established in the region. In regard to the relations between the four abovementioned states, while Turkey and Britain joined forces against the Egyptian cause in the Suez issue and the Greek cause on the Cyprus issue, Greece and Egypt sided with each other against the British positions.     

台湾问题与台湾社会的认同危机

台湾问题的实质就是国家的统一问题。当我们努力去落实邓小平为解决台湾问题而提出的"一国两制"构想时,才发现今日的台湾社会在统一的问题上难以达成一致,台湾社会在民族认同、文化认同、国家认同问题上都出现了危机。分析造成危机的原因是寻找解决危机的钥匙,这是本文要做的。     

我国农村腐败问题的成因及反腐败机制建设

当前我国农村腐败问题比较突出,已成为影响和破坏农村经济发展和社会稳定的一个重要因素,必须引起高度重视。要彻底根除农村腐败问题,在加强教育、培育良好社会风气的同时,最行之有效的方法就是建立健全完善的教育、制度、监督并重的惩治和预防腐败体系。严密而富有逻辑的反腐机制必须在深刻分析产生腐败原因的基础上,从道德、立法、财务管理、考核、监督、惩处机制等方面深入推进。