旅游饭店情感冲突控制

旅游饭店是宾客汇集和员工密集型企业 ,饭店服务和管理上的缺陷极易造成宾客和员工产生情感冲突 ,对情感冲突的原因进行分析 ,对化解情感冲突的方法进行探讨 ,不仅对抚慰情感冲突者本人 ,而且对现代饭店管理理论和实践都具有重要意义     

Product Liability in the European Union: Compensation and Deterrence Issues

In Europe a common standard of strict liability has been introduced with the European directive 85/374. The implementation of this Directive has not led to an expansion of product liability cases. Moreover neither the product nor the insurance market has been dislocated as in the United States. Both the fact that most liability cases continue to be discussed under national legislation—even when it is based on liability with fault—and the different price of insurance in Eurpean Countries show that the directive did not reach its harmonisation goals. We discuss the optional provisions that limit strict liability under the directive, but claim that the scarce impact of liability laws—in spite of increasing concerns for product safety—may be due to compensation provided by the Welfare State and to the cost of access to justice in Europe. Compensation by the Welfare State is inadequate with respect to the internalisation of the cost of accidents especially when public institutions do not file claims against liable producers. Product safety regulation should have performed the deterrence function. However we also point out that the threat of reputation losses is a powerful incentive for firms to carefully control product safety, when consumers increasingly care about product quality and accidents are heavily advertised by media.JEL Classification: K13, K41     

Electoral system effects re-examined using the largest vote share variable

In the search for a less controversial pattern between electoral systems and party systems, especially the institutional conditions for multipartism, this article develops and analyses a complete post-war dataset on largest parties’ vote shares. In contrast to the vague wording in the Duvergerian literature, it defends a strong proposition that majority parties are almost always a result of disproportionality. With some rare exceptions, they are either manufactured (without a majority of popular votes) or, less frequently, held together by heterogeneous groups (indicated either by a large number of swing voters or an exceptionally restrictive system) through strategic voting. I explain the phenomenon using a theory on politicians’ incentive for office turnover and voters’ demand for party accountability, and also theorize why South Africa and Namibia are the only two outliers to the pattern.     

我国产品责任法中惩罚性赔偿制度的建构

我国产品责任法中设置惩罚性赔偿制度有其必要性和可行性,我国构建产品责任惩罚性赔偿制度应当科学合理。     

盐酸法舒地尔注射液影响因素试验及其光降解产物的液相色谱-质谱分析

目的 考察盐酸法舒地尔注射液的影响因素并鉴定其光降解产物。方法 对盐酸法舒地尔注射液进行高温、光照处理,并用液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定其光降解产物。结果 盐酸法舒地尔注射液高温条件下稳定,光照条件下产生一光降解杂质异喹啉-5-磺酸。结论 盐酸法舒地尔注射液在高温条件下稳定,在光照条件下不稳定,应避光保存,光降解杂质为异喹啉-5-磺酸。     

我国涉外产品责任法律适用制度的缺陷及方法完善

我国涉外产品责任法律适用制度采用侵权行为法律适用规则 ,实际上是将复杂的国际产品责任案件的法律适用过分简单化 ,忽视和掩盖了其他与产品责任案件具有更密切联系的连接因素。我国应在借鉴国际公约有关规定的基础上 ,完善立法。     

The Implementation of Diagnosis Consultant （Sindanshi） Method in the Cluster of Food SMEs

This study is carried out to identify the main problem dealing with cluster of food SMEs （small and medium enterprises） in Kota Batu, the Province of East Java, and to determine the alternative of solution. This study uses the eight-step method （of eight steps） in the quality improvement （also called the PDCA--Plan-Do-Check-Action cycle） and the method of diagnosis consultant （shindanshi）. The diagnosis scope of analysis covers（ed）： the SWOT （Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats） analysis, the 5S＇s analysis, marketing management, operational analysis, production process analysis, layout, quality of product, material and purchasing control, finance analysis, problem solution and recommendation. The cluster of food SMEs in Kota Batu has the following problems： equipment, layout, marketing, raw material, production process, capitalization, quality, distribution, human resources, and packaging. Therefore, the suggestions for the improvement are： Helping the SMEs makes the financial report monthly; socializing the standard quality of process and product based on SNI （Standar Nasional Indonesia）; socializing the management of barcode; evaluating the condition of available layout regarding waste that happened and improving it.     

缺陷产品召回与行政处罚的关系研究

我国从2000年起逐步引进建立缺陷产品召回制度,但尚对缺陷产品召回所涉及的权利、义务、责任的基本属性认识不足,缺陷产品召回制度难以融入我国现行的产品质量监管执法体系,产品召回与行政处罚存在一定的冲突和矛盾,两者表现为平行的关系、递进的关系、交叉的关系、聚合的关系和补充的关系等5种基本形态。在实践中,应结合这几种关系形态正确、合理地适用行政处罚与产品召回制度,实现产品召回与行政处罚两种有效的政府产品质量监管执法手段相互支撑、交替适用、协同实施,进而进一步完善我国的产品质量责任制度、召回的法律体系和管理体系。     

Sofitel: World Class Hotels & French Elegance

正Sofitel is the only French luxury hotel brand with a presence on five continents with 120 locations in almost 40 countries and more than 30,000 rooms.Sofitel offers contemporary hotels and resorts adapted to today’s more demanding and versatile consumers,who expect and appreciate beauty,quality and excellence.Whether situated in the heart of a major city like Paris,London,New York,Shanghai or Beijing,or nestled away in the landscapes     

论输血及血液制品感染的侵权责任——基于日本法上的经验

在医学界,血液被称为"生命的源泉"。然而,近年来,随着临床用血和血液制品使用的大量增加,患者感染梅毒、肝炎、甚至艾滋病的案例已屡见不鲜。而上世纪末,我们的邻国日本也曾遭遇过同样的"血液之殇",日本司法实践在处理诸如"东大梅毒事件"、"药害肝炎事件"、"药害艾滋事件"上的成功经验会带给我国怎样的启示,以下将对日本法上血液的法律属性、医疗过失的判断标准、因果关系的证明以及医药产品责任主体的责任分配等进行分析,并结合我国《侵权责任法》相关规定,从法解释学的角度出发,针对我国司法现状,探讨日本法对我国在法律解释适用方面的借鉴意义。