物权的正当性解说

在人类思想史上,先后有多种学说从不同角度和不同层面揭示了物权正当性的法哲学基础。但是若要全面地理解物权正当性的内涵,应从权利本质的角度考察作为主体的人对特定物的自求利益是如何经由国家的价值判断而获得排他性的支配权。该价值判断的基础就在于生产关系的形态及人权保障的需求。     

理性及其视阈中的中西文化

理性本应在活生生的历史中获得文化的内涵，它是一种深刻的文化象征。以理性作为理论视角，可以将中西文化作最好的辨异，为此，必须对之作新的概念区分。自然理性与属人理性的划分克服了以前的种种弊端，具有极大的理论与实践的意义。     

领导干部领导科学发展须具备的核心能力

领导干部领导科学发展须具备的核心能力是：以人为本为核心,构建领导干部领导科学发展的着力点;以全面协调可持续为要求,着力提高领导干部的决断和创新能力;以统筹兼顾为方法,着力提高领导干部的统筹兼顾能力。要具备这些核心能力,领导干部就必须按照科学发展的要求,提升领导干部的自身素质,建立科学的政绩考评机制和良好的用人机制。     

人才资源的特殊性及其市场配置要求

人才资源市场配置取向，是市场配置一切资源的延伸要求。人才资源具有的属性和特点，决定与其他资源和生产要素相比较具有自主性、能动性、变化性的特性，相应决定了人才资源配置的特殊表现；市场手段的内在蕴涵，决定人才资源市场配置的过程和要求：相应部门主动公告促合、设计市场准入条件、禁绝场外决定结果的环节和空间。     

西部大开发与广西基础性人力资源开发

人力资源是制约当前西部发展的“瓶颈” ,广西人力资源量大质低 ,随着西部大开发对人力资源的更高要求 ,广西人力资源开发面临挑战 ,必须实施基础性人力资源开发战略 ,加大教育投入力度 ,转变观念 ,从基础教育、职业教育、高等教育的三个层面开发人力资源 ,实行教育的适度超前发展     

人和畜禽的空肠弯杆菌分离培养及带菌状况调查

对195例不同年龄腹泻病人的粪样及656只健康和腹泻畜禽的直肠和泄殖腔拭子进行空肠弯杆菌培养,总检出率为26.1%(222/851).人和畜禽的带菌率分别为健康蛋用鸡为61.0%(61/100),腹泻后备蛋用鸡为53.3%(40/75),健康后备蛋用鸡为22.0%(11/50),腹泻仔猪为88.0%(88/100),健康羔羊为5.7%(6/106),牦牛犊为12.4%(15/121)和0(0/104)腹泻病人为0.5%(1/195).蛋用鸡各组间的带菌率差异极显著(P＜0.01),腹泻后备蛋用鸡的带菌率明显高于健康后备蛋用鸡(P＜0.01),显示后备蛋用鸡腹泻与该菌感染相关.腹泻仔猪的带菌率很高,也提示该菌感染与仔猪腹泻存在一定关系.噻孢霉素对空肠弯杆菌检出率的影响和抗生素药敏性试验结果表明,噻孢霉素不能替代头孢霉素Ⅰ,而头孢哌酮钠(头孢必)可取代Camp-BAP琼脂中的头孢霉素Ⅰ.在100mL/LCO2气体环境中微需氧培养比烛缸内培养空肠弯杆菌检出率高13.0%,显示分离该菌以100mL/L CO2法明显优于烛缸法(P＜0.01).     

Trade Secrets, Firm-Specific Human Capital, and Optimal Contracting

Trade secrets are innovations jointly produced by firms and employees that are generally not protected by patents. They are commonly protected within the framework of labor contracts, where an obligation of confidentiality is imposed upon the employee. Specifically this obligation applies to the employee even after he has left the employer for a period of time determined in the contract, known as a cooling off period. Often employees are prohibited not only from revealing trade secrets, but also from utilizing their specific human capital developed at the original place of employment in competitor firms during this period. Their specific human capital is in effect inseparable from the trade secret. Failure to protect the trade secret will result in its revelation and its becoming public and hence worthless for the innovator. The inability of an employee to reveal trade secrets and utilize his specific human capital after leaving his place of employment imposes costs and losses upon him. Some form of compensation will be paid for these contingent losses within the employment contract. Employers know that the longer the cooling off period imposed upon employees, the greater employees must be compensated for this in the contract. Longer cooling off periods thus cost the employer more, but also enable him to earn greater rents from the innovation itself. In this paper profit-maximizing periods of trade secret protection are derived, based on these two countervailing factors, and comparative statics exercises are performed. How the selection of profit-maximizing periods of trade secret protection when the incidence of resignation is itself affected by contract parameters and incentives is explored.     

Good governance as a precondition for subsidiarity: human rights litigation in Nigeria and ECOWAS

ABSTRACT

Similar to the European Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) evolved gradually from little more than a customs union to a supranational organisation with sophisticated governance arrangements. As a consequence, subsidiarity has become an inevitable adjustment mechanism to align individual member state policies with objectives of the Community as a whole. In particular, since the inclusion of a protocol on good governance and democracy in 2001 an increasing number of policy areas require a delineation of competencies between state and Community organs. Moreover, the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice confines itself to the vertical application of human rights law and does not accept human rights claims against private persons since the extension of its mandate in 2005. Many cases involving the Federal Republic of Nigeria illustrate well a double procedural effect of the principle of subsidiarity in the human rights litigation within the ECOWAS legal order.     

Lessons learned from large-scale comparative dental analysis following the South Asian tsunami of 2004

The aim of this study was to examine the quality of the ante-(AM) and postmortem (PM) dental data that were submitted for entry into the PLASS data system in Phuket, Thailand, following the Boxing Day (December 26) Tsunami, 2004. The investigators were two forensic odontologists who were part of the New Zealand Disaster Victim Identification team that worked at Wat Yang Yao morgue and at the Information Management Center in Phuket. Our findings underline the usefulness of dental data in human identification, but point to a number of significant sources of error. Of the 78 PM records received, only 68% of radiographs and 49% of photos confirmed the accompanying dental charting. This underlines the value, particularly of photographs of the dental arches, in quality control. It also points to a large error component, which may have been due to inexperience of the operators, fatigue, poor conditions in the temporary morgue, or the problem of tooth-colored fillings. Of the 106 AM records received, 62% were of unacceptable quality and 64% were either not accompanied by radiographs or had poor quality radiographs. These results indicate that AM data collection ideally needs to be collated and checked by a forensically trained dentist(s) in the country of origin.     

民法与和谐社会的精神共鸣

和谐社会理念与民法精神具有高度的一致性,其哲学基础分别是“天人合一”和“泛神论”,后两者所共同蕴含的主体意识和自然理性达致了前两者的现代交汇。构建和谐社会,民法在观念重塑、人格养成、文化修正以及制度保障等方面肩负重要使命。