“黑社会”犯罪之理性解析

"黑社会犯罪"属于社会科学上的术语,其天然的逻辑起点为"人".解析黑社会犯罪的理论根基在于理清人--群体--社会以及冲突--越轨--犯罪依次发展的脉络.通过运用社会组织学的观点,可以评价黑社会犯罪现象存在的必然性及其形成历程;选择"人性"角度,可以阐明黑社会犯罪谋求生存所采取方式的必然轨迹,从而为真实地认识"黑社会"犯罪作理性的初探.     

浅析现阶段西部民族地区经济发展中的问题及对策

现阶段西部民族地区经济发展出现了许多问题和难题,但归纳起来不外乎"人"和"财"的问题,所以,扫除西部民族地区经济发展的阻力和障碍,必须解决好人的思想、人的知识结构和人的素质问题;解决好资金的调配、筹措及引资等问题.处理好了这两个大问题,西部民族地区经济的发展便有了"软"、"硬"件的保障和基础.     

“坦白从宽，抗拒从严”质疑

“坦白从宽 ,抗拒从严”是我国审讯机关长期固守的一项司法政策。这一司法政策违反了人权保护的现代法精神 ,与我国现行法律规定不合 ,违背我国即将承担的国际条约义务 ,且其背后存在着不合理的功利追求。     

FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE: KEEPING THE SUBJECT ALIVE

One of the main purposes of feminist jurisprudence is to create or find better ways of being and living for women through the analysis, critique, and use of law. Rich work has emerged, and continues to emerge, from feminist theorists exploring conceptions of the self, personhood, identity and subjectivity that could be used to form a basic unit in law and politics. In this article, it is argued that a strong sense of human subjectivity needs to be retained to enable the human potentiality of women and men to flourish. This can be done in a way which is not essentialist, yet does not dissolve the subject out of existence, issues pertinent to feminist jurisprudence in recent years.     

Women's Capabilities and the Right to Education in Bangladesh

The World Bank promotes women's education because it is an input into human capital. In the capabilities approach, education is a force that enables women to have expanded choices. Using data from in-depth interviews conducted in two villages in 1996 and 2000, we examine how rural Bangladeshis perceive women's education and to what extent those perceptions concur with the World Bank's instrumentalist view and with the capabilities approach. Parents educate their daughters because women's education is valued in the marriage market, and marriage is the best way to secure their daughters' well-being. Schooling has also enhanced women's capabilities by increasing their earning potential.     

论中国近代法观念的转变

观念是一定社会法律现象、法律制度、法律运行模式的理性概括。中国近代的法观念是在中国传统法观念与外来法文化的冲突、扬弃中形成的。治外法权的丧失、太平天国运动对封建法观念的摧毁、清统治者对封建法观念的破坏、新的生产方式的出现是其产生的历史土壤。其内容主要是礼法分野、诸法并重、肯定个体的权利、司法独立等。中国近代法观念的转变为清末法律改革运动提供了思想基础,对民族救亡运动、中国民族资本主义的发展均具有促进作用。     

The use of material culture to establish the ethnic identity of victims in genocide investigations: a validation study from the American Southwest*

Successful prosecution of genocide requires that the victims constitute one of four protected groups: national, religious, ethnic, or racial. Establishing victim identity in prior trials has relied on positive identification of decedents, been largely presumptive, or was based on untested methodology. This report details a validation study of one untested method: the use of material culture in establishing ethnic identity. Classes of clothing and personal effects were scored on 3,430 individuals of known Hispanic or White ancestry from autopsy records in New Mexico. Significant differences were seen in evidence of language, nationality, and religious affiliation between the two groups, as well as clothing types and currency. Predictive models used to estimate ethnic identity in random, blind subsets produced an overall accuracy of 81.5% and estimates of 61-98% in specific subsets. Results suggest material culture, when present, can provide reliable evidence of ethnic affinity in genocide investigations.     

Defending the European court of human rights: Experimental evidence from Britain

As nationalist sentiments gain traction globally, the attitudinal and institutional foundations of the international liberal order face new challenges. One manifestation of this trend is the growing backlash against international courts. Defenders of the liberal order struggle to articulate compelling reasons for why states, and their citizens, should continue delegating authority to international institutions. This article probes the effectiveness of arguments that emphasise the appropriateness and benefits of cooperation in containing preferences for backlash among the mass public. We rely on IR theories that explain why elites create international institutions to derive three sets of arguments that could be deployed to boost support for international courts. We then use experimental methods to test their impact on support for backlash against the European Court of Human Rights in Britain (ECtHR). First, in line with principal-agent models of delegation, we find that information about the court's reliability as an ‘agent’ boosts support for the ECtHR, but less so information that signals Britain's status as a principal. Second, in line with constructivist approaches, associating support for the court with the position of an in-group state like Denmark, and opposition with an out-group state like Russia, also elicits more positive attitudes. This finding points to the importance of ‘blame by association’ and cues of in/out-group identity in building support for cooperation. The effect is stronger when we increase social pressure by providing information about social attitudes towards Denmark and Russia in Britain, where the public overwhelmingly trusts the Danes and distrusts the Russians. Finally, in contrast to Liberal explanations for the creation of the ECtHR, the study finds no evidence that highlighting the court's mission to promote democracy and international peace contains backlash. We show that the positive effects of the first two arguments are not driven by pre-treatment attitudes such as political sophistication, patriotism, internationalism, institutional trust or political preferences.     

人的全面发展是马克思主义理论教育之永恒主题

马克思主义理论教育是一项集思想性、科学性和系统性为一体的工作。马克思主义关于人的全面发展学说要求理论教育在理念上必须把推进与实现人的全面发展作为其根本任务和永恒的实践主题。在当今时代条件下,通过认真总结和反思以往理论教育的经验教训,并真正贯彻和落实造就全面发展的人的教育理念,必将使理论教育显现出其应有的价值和作用。     

我国自然垄断行业民营化改革的法律完善

自然垄断行业的性质决定了其存在的必要性 ,但由于缺乏竞争机制必然会带来垄断的弊端。在新的经济和社会条件下 ,实行民营化改革 ,引入竞争机制 ,已成为自然垄断行业改革的必然选择。因此 ,必须建立和完善相应的法律制度。