中华民族永恒的主题:和——从孔子的核心思想谈起

孔子的核心思想既不是"仁",也不是"礼",还不是"中庸",而是"和"。"和"是孔子理想中的最高境界,也是其终生追求的目标。在中国古代历史上,"和"一直是贯穿历朝历代政治、经济、社会和文化中的一根红线,维护和巩固着中华民族大家庭的团结和统一。当今时代,人类要想更好地向前发展,就必须形成"和"的共识,使地球村永远处于和谐的状态当中。     

用ELISA检测精液及精斑中精子抗原的研究

本实验应用单克隆抗人精子抗体和酶标记羊抗人精子抗体,采用ELISA方法确定精子抗原成份的存在。对10份新鲜精液,15份精斑进行了验测,其结果阳性率为100%。新鲜精液(精子数约10,000万个/ml)稀释100万倍,精斑浸出液稀释50万倍,均可出现阳性。对唾液斑、尿斑、乳汁斑、阴道斑、汗斑及输精管结扎的精液均为阴性。实验结果表明,本法检验精子抗原具有灵敏度高,特异性好的优点。     

法国违宪审查制度探析

宪法至上、基本人权的保障、现代法治国这些观念被普遍认同与接受,是法国违宪审查制度建立的重要基础。与其他欧洲国家相比,法国违宪审查制度存在着缺陷,表现为宪法委员会的法律地位不明确,个人不能直接向宪法委员会提出违宪审查的请求,宪法委员会仅对法律实施事先审查等等。宪法在司法诉讼中的适用,打破了宪法委员会对违宪审查的垄断权,同时也引起了新的法律问题。通过改革来完善现有的违宪审查制度是法国学者的重要研究议题。其中,先行裁决制度由于它的各种优点,对完善违宪审查制度将起重要的作用。     

和谐社会、法治文明与公民权利保障

建设和谐社会的目标包括了法治建设的根本内容,法治文明、法治社会是和谐社会的要求和保障。法治文明形成的历史过程决定现代法治必然以保障公民权利为和谐,保障公民权利贯穿于法治文明的各项内在要求。我国要建立社会主义和谐社会,必须通过改进公民权利规定、进一步合理约束政府权力和完善公民权利表达与救济途径来实现。此外,针对社会中特殊群体,国家须采取特别措施,以真正保障全体公民的权利。     

从人性恶到有效治理：权力制约的新思考——兼论中国权力制约机制的完善

主流理论多从人性角度证成权力制约的正当性和必要性。此一研究路径存在着一些无法克服的缺陷，应当从权力的有效治理的角度来重视认识权力制约的正当性和必要性。     

Militarization in Burma's ethnic states: causes and consequences

Despite a dramatic reduction in fighting in Burma's ethnic states, militarization has increased as the regime seeks to extend its sovereignty and capitalize on economic opportunities. Rather than ensuring civilians' safety, militarization has exposed more civilians to human security threats, with serious consequences for families and communities. Abuses are likely to continue as long as the regime under-finances its army, disregards disciplinary problems, and receives diplomatic cover from its foreign economic partners. While civilians have sought to manage these threats as best they can, their degree of agency is, in most cases, highly constrained, and women have been particularly affected. Nevertheless, the development of community-based organizations which make use of porous borders to expose abuses and provide assistance to distressed communities constitutes an important, if limited, development.     

EU-Libya Cooperation on Migration: A Raw Deal for Refugees and Migrants?

Libya's emergence as a key jumping-off point for entry intoEurope by sea has created a sense of urgency within the EU,which seeks to prevent arrivals from this new point of departure,and has led to the initiation of EU–Libya cooperationon migration. This article argues that the EU is failing toadopt an integrated approach to migration management in Libya,despite its repeated assurances to the contrary. It examinesEU–Libya cooperation, still in its early stages, and analysesthe experiences of refugees and migrants in Libya and on theirjourneys to Europe. Both elements strongly indicate that thecurrent approach, which focuses on border control and surveillance,is likely to meet with limited success in achieving the EU'saims of stemming the flow of irregular migrants arriving fromLibya in Italy and Malta, protecting the human rights of thosein transit and ensuring humanitarian outcomes for them.     

人权视角下罪犯劳动权的保障

劳动权与人们的生存和发展有关，属于基本人权的范畴，已经得到绝大多数国家宪法的确认。对于受拘禁的罪犯来说，劳动是对其实施矫正的基本手段，但劳动同样也应是罪犯享有的基本权利，应当得到平等的保障，而人权的视角无疑将会为罪犯劳动权的保障提供最充分的理由、最大化的内容和最完善的保障措施。因此，如何从人权视角对罪犯劳动权进行保障尤其重要。     

民事裁判中的人权保障

人权具有普世价值,其不仅存在于政治国家,对市民社会同样具有统帅作用。廓清人权与民事权利的关系是实现民事裁判中人权保障的前提。纯粹国家取向的人权、国家私人二元取向的人权与民事权利的关系决定了这两种人权不存在在民事裁判中的适用问题,可拓展性国家取向的人权则可以通过间接介入的方式在民事裁判中发挥作用。其作用主要体现在:在民事裁判中作为评价民事行为的界限、认定民事责任的界限(包括构成阻却违法性的考量要件、构成认定主观过错的考量要件)、法律适用中解释与价值填补的功能发挥。     

Developmental Validation of the Quantifiler® Duo DNA Quantification Kit for Simultaneous Quantification of Total Human and Human Male DNA and Detection of PCR Inhibitors in Biological Samples*

Abstract: The Quantifiler^® Duo DNA Quantification kit enables simultaneous quantification of human DNA and human male DNA as well as detection of inhibitors of PCR in a single real-time PCR well. Pooled human male genomic DNA is used to generate standard curves for both human (ribonuclease P RNA component H1) and human male (sex determining region Y) specific targets. A shift in the cycle threshold (C_T) values for the internal positive control monitors the presence of PCR inhibitors in a sample. The assay is human specific and exhibits a high dynamic range from 0.023 to 50 ng/μL. In addition, the multiplex assay can detect as little as 25 pg/μL of human male DNA in the presence of a 1000-fold excess of human female DNA. The multiplex assay provides assessment of the DNA extract and guidance for the selection of the appropriate AmpFℓSTR^® Amplification Kit to obtain interpretable short tandem repeat profiles.