Militarization in Burma's ethnic states: causes and consequences

Despite a dramatic reduction in fighting in Burma's ethnic states, militarization has increased as the regime seeks to extend its sovereignty and capitalize on economic opportunities. Rather than ensuring civilians' safety, militarization has exposed more civilians to human security threats, with serious consequences for families and communities. Abuses are likely to continue as long as the regime under-finances its army, disregards disciplinary problems, and receives diplomatic cover from its foreign economic partners. While civilians have sought to manage these threats as best they can, their degree of agency is, in most cases, highly constrained, and women have been particularly affected. Nevertheless, the development of community-based organizations which make use of porous borders to expose abuses and provide assistance to distressed communities constitutes an important, if limited, development.     

EU-Libya Cooperation on Migration: A Raw Deal for Refugees and Migrants?

Libya's emergence as a key jumping-off point for entry intoEurope by sea has created a sense of urgency within the EU,which seeks to prevent arrivals from this new point of departure,and has led to the initiation of EU–Libya cooperationon migration. This article argues that the EU is failing toadopt an integrated approach to migration management in Libya,despite its repeated assurances to the contrary. It examinesEU–Libya cooperation, still in its early stages, and analysesthe experiences of refugees and migrants in Libya and on theirjourneys to Europe. Both elements strongly indicate that thecurrent approach, which focuses on border control and surveillance,is likely to meet with limited success in achieving the EU'saims of stemming the flow of irregular migrants arriving fromLibya in Italy and Malta, protecting the human rights of thosein transit and ensuring humanitarian outcomes for them.     

人权视角下罪犯劳动权的保障

劳动权与人们的生存和发展有关，属于基本人权的范畴，已经得到绝大多数国家宪法的确认。对于受拘禁的罪犯来说，劳动是对其实施矫正的基本手段，但劳动同样也应是罪犯享有的基本权利，应当得到平等的保障，而人权的视角无疑将会为罪犯劳动权的保障提供最充分的理由、最大化的内容和最完善的保障措施。因此，如何从人权视角对罪犯劳动权进行保障尤其重要。     

民事裁判中的人权保障

人权具有普世价值,其不仅存在于政治国家,对市民社会同样具有统帅作用。廓清人权与民事权利的关系是实现民事裁判中人权保障的前提。纯粹国家取向的人权、国家私人二元取向的人权与民事权利的关系决定了这两种人权不存在在民事裁判中的适用问题,可拓展性国家取向的人权则可以通过间接介入的方式在民事裁判中发挥作用。其作用主要体现在:在民事裁判中作为评价民事行为的界限、认定民事责任的界限(包括构成阻却违法性的考量要件、构成认定主观过错的考量要件)、法律适用中解释与价值填补的功能发挥。     

Developmental Validation of the Quantifiler® Duo DNA Quantification Kit for Simultaneous Quantification of Total Human and Human Male DNA and Detection of PCR Inhibitors in Biological Samples*

Abstract: The Quantifiler^® Duo DNA Quantification kit enables simultaneous quantification of human DNA and human male DNA as well as detection of inhibitors of PCR in a single real-time PCR well. Pooled human male genomic DNA is used to generate standard curves for both human (ribonuclease P RNA component H1) and human male (sex determining region Y) specific targets. A shift in the cycle threshold (C_T) values for the internal positive control monitors the presence of PCR inhibitors in a sample. The assay is human specific and exhibits a high dynamic range from 0.023 to 50 ng/μL. In addition, the multiplex assay can detect as little as 25 pg/μL of human male DNA in the presence of a 1000-fold excess of human female DNA. The multiplex assay provides assessment of the DNA extract and guidance for the selection of the appropriate AmpFℓSTR^® Amplification Kit to obtain interpretable short tandem repeat profiles.     

安全·自由·自主--住宅不受侵犯的价值蕴含

住宅是人们生活、生存的场所,更是人们寄寓温情与安宁的家园。作为个人的栖息之地,住宅自古以来就受到特别的保护,俨然作为与社会相对隔离的堡垒。近现代以来,住宅不受侵犯权已经成为普适性人权,它通过私人领域的划定,保护着人的安全、自由、自主,并以此凸显人的尊严。正是住宅不受侵犯权对人具有如此重要的价值,各国均将其纳入宪法之中,并以不同于物质财产权利的精神性权利而熔铸在法律文本与民众心间。     

人体搜毒犬训练程序和方法研究

缉毒犬作为一种能高度分辨气味的特殊工具，能有效、准确地搜查出隐蔽的毒品。人体搜毒犬的培养一般包括基本能力培养、搜索形式培养、建立毒品气味联系、复杂气味条件下搜索能力培养等四个方面内容，每个方面均有不同的训练内容、要求和方法以及注意事项。     

权利的张扬与追寻——2006年中国权利问题研究综述

2006年的中国权利研究,著述颇丰,学术研讨频率密集且范围广泛,呈现了多元化、立体化的趋势。人权研究生机勃勃,平等权是当下社会生活和权利研究中的一个关键词,农民、农民工等弱势群体的权利保护则是与平等权密切相关的热点问题。传统的权利研究继续深入,新兴权利的研究与日俱增,权利本位理论正在向现实论证扩展,有关权利的理论日益丰满。     

正当立法程序生成的伦理机理

立法程序是一种宪法性法律程序,因而,对其生成机理的探讨,必须立基民主宪政的大背景,在正当法律程序如何生成的视域中进行。在对当今流行的四种程序正义论模式进行学理检讨之后,我们不难发现,"真理一致论"是正当法律程序的最佳分析工具。真理一致论中的立法程序,既要求形成合意基础上的主体间性,即有着不同利益需求和价值取向的公民作相互的交流、表达、妥协,以及基于此上而形成的一致性意见;又要求形成主客体间的相互吻合性,即用以指导立法者运作立法权的建基于主体间性的价值观念以及法律所欲表达和实现的具体价值目标,都必须符合客观的社会和法的历史与逻辑发展规律。事实上,依托于这一伦理机理而生成的正当立法程序,其与人类生活目的及价值的实现具有直接的内在一致性。     

试论职务犯罪侦查人力资源配置

党的十七大明确提出了坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观。它的提出是对发展内涵、发展要义,发展本质的进一步深化认识与创新,对推动各项事业的健康发展具有重大的意义。本文试图以科学发展观为研究视角,从职务犯罪侦查人力资源优化配置的维度作为论证重点,以期构建权威、高效、公正的职务犯罪侦查机制。