文化自觉的现代社会发展意义

文化自觉是人类理性在求取自身生存发展和自由过程中的最高体现,它主要涉及人的解放的目的、意义、价值等关于“人自身”的问题。在社会发展的文化过程中,具体表现为人的求真精神、求善精神和求美精神,使人牢记人永远是目的而不是手段,人的目的在于人自身,关心人、热爱人,关注全人类的发展和进步,从而使人成为一种具有崇高境界的真正全面自由发展的主体。     

企业人力资源管理的组织成效

组织存在的目的就是要解决组织绩效实现的问题,因此如何提高组织的绩效水平,是所有组织所必然关注的关键。本文从三个角度讨论了组织成效。首先是组织基本运行效能:从分工的效能、流程的效能解决组织运行标准化,实现如何降低组织对人的依赖性,并使平凡的人做出不平凡的业绩。其次讨论的是制度的效率问题:结果是行为产生的,而行为产生于动机,因此,通过有效的制度设计来引导动机是非常重要的。第三个方面强调了资源效率问题: 组织资源都是有限的,如何使有限的资源最大限度集中于组织最终成果,是组织成效中又一关键的问题。不论在理论上还是实践上,目标管理是最有效的思想体系和方法体系。     

论当代大学生科学人权观念的培育

公民人权观念的培育是建设社会主义政治文明的基础,对大学生人权观念的培育则是公民人权观念培育的先导。现阶段加强大学生科学人权观念的培育具有特殊的必要性和紧迫性。应用中国特色社会主义人权观教育学生,在人权特性、内容、享有主体以及与主权的关系上坚持普遍性与特殊性的统一、经济社会文化权利与政治权利的统一、个人人权与集体人权的统一、人权与主权的统一。目前,可以通过相关教材内容改革、师资队伍建设和课堂教学改革等途径,加强当代大学生科学人权观念的培育。     

Decomposing Human Blood: Canine Detection Odor Signature and Volatile Organic Compounds

The admissibility of human “odor mortis” discrimination in courts depends on the lack of comprehension of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the human decay process and of the lack in standardized procedures in training cadaver dogs. Blood was collected from four young people who died from traffic accidents and analyzed using HS‐SPME/GC‐MS at different decompositional stages. Two dogs, professionally trained, were tested to exactly locate blood samples, for each time point of the experiment. We found a long list of VOCs which varied from fresh to decomposed blood samples, showing differences in specific compounds. Dog performance showed a positive predictive value between 98.96% and 100% for DOG A, and between 99.47% and 100% for DOG B. Our findings demonstrated that decomposing human blood is a good source of VOCs and a good target for canine training.     

Simultaneous Determination of 13 Anticoagulant Rodenticidesin Human Blood by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and its Application in Three Poisoning Cases

Anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used for rodent control around the world. A rapid and sensitive method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 13 anticoagulant rodenticides (coumafuryl, pindone, valone, warfarin, coumatetralyl, coumachlor, diphacinone, dicumarol, chlorophacinone, bromadiolone, difenacoum, flocoumafen, and brodifacoum) in human blood by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. After liquid–liquid extraction, the anticoagulant rodenticides were separated on an Eclipse Plus C18 column. Linearities were observed for each analyte in blood ranging from 0.5 to 50 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients over 0.99. The limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 ng/mL, and the limits of quantification were 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes. The intraday and interday precisions were <15%, and accuracies ranged from 80.3% to 111.0%. This validated method with high sensitivity has been applied in three anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning cases and has been used successfully in monitoring blood concentrations for months.     

Illicit Drug Delivery Via Administration of Human Blood

The physiological, psychological, and social consequences associated with illicit drug use are well documented. In addition to the effects directly related to the drug(s), the delivery mechanism can precipitate other serious health conditions. A case is reported where an individual stopped by law enforcement was discovered to be in possession of a vial containing a red‐colored fluid, which the person stated was blood and contained fentanyl. Analysis by headspace GC, ELISA, and LC‐TOF/MS screening in with mass spectral confirmation revealed the presence of several substances, including ethanol, methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDA, 6‐monoacetylmorphine, codeine, morphine, alprazolam, delta‐9 THC, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and norpseudoephedrine; serology testing verified the fluid was consistent with human blood. Methamphetamine was present at a dosage form amount (11 mg). The purpose of this study was to detail the analytical findings, interpret their meaning, and discuss the public health concerns associated with the drug delivery by the administration of human blood.     

Validation of Reduced Reagent Volumes in the Implementation of the Quantifiler® Trio Quantification Kit

The Quantifiler^® Trio Quantification Kit has been developed to quantify the total amount of amplifiable and human male DNA in samples and to estimate the extent of DNA degradation. To minimize the cost of DNA quantification, we evaluated kit performance using a reduced volume of reagents (1/10‐volume) using DNA samples of varying types and concentrations. Our results demonstrated concordance between the manufacturer's method and the low‐volume method for DNA quantification, DNA degradation index estimation, and human male DNA quantification. We confirmed the practical utility of the low‐volume method with 109 casework samples by evaluating short tandem repeat (STR) profiling success with respect to DNA quantity and quality. We also defined a cutoff value for DNA quantity to ensure reliable STR results. Using a reduced volume of reagents, 10 times more reactions per kit are possible; accordingly, this method reduces the cost of DNA quantification, while maintaining performance.     

CHINESE NATURAL LAW TRADITION AND ITS MODERN APPLICATION: A RESPONSE TO HON . ROLLIN A. VAN BROEKHOVEN

This article is a response to Morality And Law In A Global Society: A Place For Natural Law Theory? The first part is a summary and comments on Honorable Rollin A. Van Broekhoven’s survey of the natural law tradition and its relevance to the analysis of the controversial U.S. Supreme Court decisions. Then it addresses Mencius and the Chinese natural law tradition based on the researches of Hu Shih and John C. H. Wu, and the affinity of the natural theories of Mencius and Thomas Aquinas are explored. The third part analyses the sensational case of Yu Huan (2017) from the point of view of natural law and takes it as an example of the relevance of natural law to the theory and practice of contemporary Chinese law.     

Testing the Use of Pigs as Human Proxies in Decomposition Studies

Pigs are a common human analogue in taphonomic study, yet data comparing the trajectory of decomposition between the two groups are lacking. This study compared decomposition rate and gross tissue change in 17 pigs and 22 human remains placed in the Forensic Investigation Research Station in western Colorado between 2012 and 2015. Accumulated degree days (ADD) were used to assess the number of thermal units required to reach a given total body score (TBS) (1) which was used as the measure of decomposition. A comparison of slopes in linear mixed effects model indicated that decomposition rates significantly differed between human donors and pig remains χ²₍₁₎ = 5.662, p = 0.017. Neither the pig nor the human trajectory compared well to the TBS model. Thus, (i) pigs are not an adequate proxy for human decomposition studies, and (ii) in the semiarid environment of western Colorado, there is a need to develop a regional decomposition model.     

EQUALITY,DIGNITY, AND SOCIAL HARMONY: EXPLORING THE RATIONALES AND MODELS FOR RECOGNIZING SAME-SEX RELATIONSHIPS IN LAW

One of the major changes that has taken place over the past twenty to thirty years has been the extension of the legal recognition and protections for same-sex relationships in a wide range of countries. A number of jurisdictions, including China, are considering the approach that they will adopt. This article seeks firstly to consider the justifications for the legal recognition of same-sex relationships by the state. Three main, compelling rationales are identified which are rooted in notions of the equality of all persons, the dignity and liberty of individuals to form close personal relationships, and the social benefits of recognizing close, personal relationships of same-sex couples. The second part of this article then turns to consider the manner in which same-sex relationships should be recognized. Four models are identified: a “Partial Rights” model; a “Civil Partnerships” model; a “Marriage Equality” model, and a “Diversity of Relationships” model. Reasons for and against these particular models will be examined. In the conclusion, it shall be argued that the choice of model that has been adopted can be seen to depend on a number of factors: the manner in which equality is conceived in that society; the understanding of same-sex relationships therein, and the religious and cultural opposition to same-sex relationships in that society. The models are also not states of affairs that are fixed for all time and many countries have progressed from less extensive forms of recognition to wider recognition over time. Ultimately, it shall be argued that the rationales underlying the recognition of close personal relationships in the law support the “Marriage Equality” model or the “Diversity of Relationships” model. This article thus seeks to provide an understanding of the rationales and models for recognizing same-sex relationships that have been adopted around the world: Its focus is thus comparative but may, in this way, be useful to lawmakers and advocates for legal reform in this area in China and other jurisdictions around the world.