法律介入科研违规行为的障碍因素分析

由于严重的科研违规行为同样会带来严重的社会危害性,从而为法律介入科研违规行为提供了可能性。但法律介入科研违规行为的时间毕竟不长,目前还存在着许多障碍因素。这些障碍主要有:我国传统社会的“德主法辅”的观念仍在产生消极影响;科研活动的特点会导致立法的复杂性;我国刑法理论中的犯罪概念含混不清,给具体科研违规行为的定性带来了困难。     

Education for whom? Engineering multiculturalism and liberal peace in post-conflict Kosovo

ABSTRACT

This paper traces the changing relationship between the state and its education system at the intersection of diverging visions and agendas of local and international actors in post-war Kosovo in the period 1999–2014. Specifically, it explores why and how externally driven reforms that carry the ideals of an inclusive multi-ethnic polity clashed with domestic actors’ visions of education as a locus of national resistance and independent statehood. To critically inquire into the direction of education reforms in the post-war context, the empirical part of the analysis identifies critical historical junctures through which these competing ideas and relevant actors changed and/or gained traction. Accordingly, the paper focuses mainly on the post-war period, but also considers the pre-war period in order to highlight the predominant vision of local actors on the roles of education, its intertwinement with unfolding conflicts, and its central role in processes of state formation and nation-building, in particular in a post-war context. The analysis is based on genealogical historical narrative, textual analysis of key official documents related to the education sector in Kosovo, and semi-structured interviews conducted in Pristina in November 2013 and October 2016. The analysis demonstrates that the role of education in post-war Kosovo reflects tension between multicultural ideals promoted by international actors, on the one hand, and nationalist, often exclusive concerns of local actors embedded in an unfinished and contested process of state- and nation-building, on the other hand. The paper finds that by over-emphasizing equal collective rights, extensive autonomy for the different communities and ethnic-based decentralized governance, international actors have unwillingly contributed to further education separation along ethnic lines.     

俄罗斯军事干预叙利亚危机的情感动机

俄罗斯自2015年9月30日开始军事干预叙利亚危机。目前,国内外学术界主要采取理性分析路径讨论俄罗斯军事干预叙利亚的动机,即认为俄罗斯是基于对利益的考虑而采取军事干预行动的。文章从情感角度考察俄罗斯的干预行为,认为俄罗斯的行动主要是受到对美国不满的驱动,因为美国干预叙利亚危机造成了对俄罗斯大国身份的蔑视。冷战后俄与西方之间的长期互动,使得俄面临"身份遭到蔑视"状态,从而形成针对西方的消极、压抑的"情感定向";而美国在叙利亚危机中的行为,进一步使俄感知到了对其身份的蔑视,从而激发了俄罗斯的"道德悲愤"和"羞辱"等"指向情绪反应"。在该情感的影响下,俄决定实施军事干预叙利亚危机这一"复仇"行为,其目的即在于警告西方不要再做出蔑视俄身份及情感的行为并重塑俄的身份和尊严。明晰俄军事干预叙利亚危机的行为逻辑,能为掌握俄罗斯与西方之间关系的发展前景以及中国在构建"一带一路"的过程中如何与俄罗斯相处等问题提供一定的启发。     

The interplay between bystanders’ intervention styles: An examination of the “bullying circle” approach

This study explores correlations between bystanders’ intervention styles by means of the bullying circle model. Three aims were examined in this study. First, we reevaluated the number and type of bystander intervention styles in aggressive school incidents. Second, we examined the association between reports of relational aggression and victimization and bystander intervention styles. Third, we estimated relationships between the different bystander intervention styles, by examining two directional paths. Participants were 1,518 adolescents (61.9% boys, 38.1% girls) from 15 Israeli religious and secular middle and high schools. The data analysis indicated two new intervention styles: help-seeker and passive bystander. Two structural models, illustrating the path leading to and from provictim and antivictim bystander intervention styles are presented. The distinction between the “participant-role approach” and the bullying circle is discussed in order to address the theoretical difference between social categorization of fixed bystander roles as opposed to rating bystander intervention styles on a continuum.     

发现唯有小说才能发现的——评《批判与想象——王小波小说研究》

韩袁红女士不仅在学术上是王小波作品的研究者,在生活中也有着对其作品发自内心的热爱。她的《批判与想象——王小波小说研究》是国内第一部研究王小波小说的专著。抱着对小说发现之发现的目的,作者不仅对王小波的小说进行学术上的客观阐释,也在尽力向我们展示王小波小说及其本人超越时空的魅力。对上述两方面进行总结,对这种发现做出分析,有助于对王小波小说进行深入研究,通过正确评介让更多的人接受它。     

Consumer Evaluation of an Ecobehavioral Program for Prevention and Intervention of Child Maltreatment

This study was conducted to evaluate parental satisfaction and acceptability of Project SafeCare, an intensive parent training program to prevent and treat child abuse and neglect with a focus on three areas of intervention: (1) home safety, (2) infant and child health care, and (3) bonding and stimulation. Social validation questionnaires were employed to evaluate the acceptability, the effectiveness, and the outcome of treatments based on parents' perspectives. The questionnaires were divided into four categories: outcome measures, process and procedures, staff performance, and training modes. Overall, Project SafeCare was reported to be very successful and parents reported high satisfaction with all three training programs. Parents rated the procedures, staff, and outcomes very positively. Although parents liked the videos and rated them positively, they seemed to prefer training by counselors to training by video. Data were collected on 45 families and the training was conducted over 15 weeks.     

学生认识信念研究新进展

认识信念是指学习者对知识、学习现象和经验所持有的直觉、潜在的认识,涉及对知识和学习的本质、形式、过程、条件、结果评价等一系列问题的认识.在综述认识信念形成及发展的影响因素的基础上,重点介绍了Bendlixen提出的认识信念的动态整合模型以及通过教学干预引导学生认识信念转变的实证研究.未来这一领域的研究,首先应关注概念界定与结构探讨,其次应关注年幼儿童认识信念的研究,同时还应关注实践应用.对我国的儿童青少年做追踪研究,揭示其认识信念的发展趋势,也将是一个重要的研究方向.     

The impact of EU intervention on political parties’ politicisation of Europe following the financial crisis

Abstract

This article examines the effect of the financial crisis and economic intervention by the European Union on political parties’ politicisation of the EU within national elections. Data from the Manifesto Project for elections between 2002 and 2017 in 12 Eurozone countries is used to assess how the crisis and intervention altered the saliency, position and clarity of parties’ EU policies. The analysis shows that the crisis only led to an increase in EU saliency in those states not subjected to intervention whilst intervention is actually associated with a decrease in the saliency of the EU. In terms of increasing Euroscepticism, intervention appears to exhibit a greater effect than the crisis although the results display marked asymmetry between different parties on the left and right. The same is observed to be the case for the level of blurring that parties are engaged in to mask their EU positions. The implications of the findings suggest that economic intervention within the EU has negatively impacted democracy in intervened-in member states by reducing the manoeuvrability of parties to provide voters with clear choices on the direction of European integration.     

试析人道主义干涉的条件与方式

尽管存在＂最低限度的一致＂,然而关于人道主义干涉的实在国际法存在明显缺陷,需要在自然国际法的语境中来考虑这一问题,并借助自然国际法来解释、指导与转化有关的实在国际法制度。人道主义干涉的条件是非常严格的,只有达到违反强行法的程度且在不与具有更高效力的其他强行法规则相冲突的情况下才能够进行。如果单方面的人道主义干涉符合有关的条件（强行法）并且是基于情势的严重性、危急性和紧迫性而实施的话,则可以采取武力方式。     

Sexual offending as a public health problem: A north american perspective

Abstract

This paper argues that we should cease treating sexual offending as a problem best dealt with by psychology, medicine, or law. Sexual offending, like mental illness, alcoholism, or drug addiction, is a public health problem, one that is everyone's business. The paper first considers the traditional levels of prevention in public health: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The argument is made that most of our efforts have been directed to the tertiary level where they are least likely to be effective. Applications of the general public health model to sexual violence are considered. These include epidemiology, risk factor research, program evaluation, and dissemination of information on what works. Various methods for informing and educating the public about sexual violence are proposed. The paper concludes with suggestions on how harm can be minimised through the use of a public health approach.