比较法视野下证人资格审查的程序构建

证人的事实能力与法律能力是证人能力在不同语境下的不同表现形式,两者之间的错位也决定了证人资格实体规则与程序规则并存的必要性。证人在大陆法系中被视为“法官的助手”,具有相对的中立性,法官对证人资格的审查奉行职权主义;证人在英美法系中被视为“当事人的助手”,具有一定的党派性,法官对证人资格的审查奉行当事人主义。我国证人资格制度存在严重的程序缺失,导致公权力运行的失范和私权利缺乏有效救济,应在刑事诉讼程序中设置证人资格的预先审查程序与开庭审查程序。     

浦东新区行政审批制度改革的现状与路径分析

经过四轮行政审批制度改革,浦东新区改革在审批事项的清理和审批方式的变革等方面取得了显著成效,但在行政体制、审批机制、审批效能和政府职能转变等方面仍存在一些困难和问题。为此,要以推进浦东综合配套改革试点为契机,进一步深化行政审批制度改革,努力建设公共服务型政府。     

个人言语风格识别研究

言语风格具有三个基本属性:特殊性、稳定性、反映性。侦查技术人员依法对有关案件言语材料的言语风格进行识别,可以分析出制作人个人特征,确定案件言语材料与嫌疑人的关系,从而为侦查工作提供方向和线索,为认定作案人提供证据。     

EXCEL在交通事故分析中的应用

交通安全问题已引起了世界各国的重视,每个国家都在寻求和探索降低交通事故发生率的良策。我国是一个发展中国家,在相当长的一段时间内还会面临着严重的交通安全问题。EXCEL是一种简便、易操作的计算机软件,可以利用EXCEL的数据分析功能,求出道路交通事故中某些推测数据与多因素之间的比例关系,对道路交通事故分析有所帮助。     

A Comparison of Four Presumptive Tests for the Detection of Blood on Dark Materials

Detection of blood on dark materials is difficult for crime scene examiners so presumptive tests are used to assist. This study compared the ability of luminol, leuko crystal violet, tetramethylbenzidine, and Combur Test®E to detect whole, diluted blood (1:100) and a key‐shaped blood transfer stain (1:10), on dark cotton sheeting, tea towel, socks, synthetic carpet, and car mats. Powdered bleach was used to evaluate specificity of the blood detection tests. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall misclassification rate (OMR) assessed the quality of the blood tests. Luminol was the preferred test for diluted blood having the highest sensitivity (79%–96%), NPV (66%–93%), and the lowest OMR (3%–15%). Luminol was also found to be most efficient with a testing time on 25 items of 2 h 50 min compared with up to 8 h. Overall, luminol was the most effective method, also providing information on bloodstain patterns.     

Postmortem Analysis of Electrogram Records from an Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator (ICD) in the Reconstruction of a Road Traffic Accident

The case of a 69‐year‐old man, equipped with an ICD and suffering from several chronic cardiac diseases, who died in a car accident, was presented. We analyzed electrogram records from the ICD explanted from the body during the autopsy, which showed that the driver had suffered from malignant ventricular arrhythmia—ventricular fibrillation (VF). A thorough analysis of the details of the accident, as well as the timing of VF and the rhythm observed after the discharge of the ICD showed that the direct cause of the accident was the episode of arrhythmia resulting in a loss of consciousness. Therefore, the presented case illustrates the usefulness of postmortem analysis of electrogram records from ICDs in the reconstruction of road traffic accidents. In such cases, if the victims are implanted with ICDs, it should be a routine procedure performed by forensic pathologists.     

Forensic Analysis of Digital Dynamic Signatures: New Methods for Data Treatment and Feature Evaluation

This study explored digital dynamic signatures containing quantifiable dynamic data. The change in data content and nature necessitates the development of new data treatment approaches. A SignPad Omega digitizing tablet was used to assess measurement reproducibility, as well as within‐writer variation and the occurrence of correctly simulated features. Measurement reproducibility was found to be high except for pressure information. Within‐writer variation was found to be higher between days than on a same day. Occurrence of correct simulation was low for features such as signature size, trajectory length, and total signature time. Feature discrimination factors combining within‐writer variability and the occurrence of correctly simulated features were computed and show that signature size, trajectory length, and signature time are the features that perform the best for discriminating genuine from simulated signatures. A final experiment indicates that dynamic information can be used to create connections between simulation cases.     

大学英语四级考试语法题的主要题型及应试策略探析

为了使学生能在全面了解英语语法的同时,把握测试重点,根据各语法项目在四级考试中所占的比例,我们归类出了带有规律性的出题倾向与出题重点,并佐以真题实例,逐类分析,提出相应的应试策略,以帮助考生提高语法结构题的应试能力。     

The dynamic character of disguise behavior for text-based, mixed, and stylized signatures

The aims of this study were to determine if dynamic parameters (duration, size, velocity, jerk, and pen pressure) differed for signing style (text-based, stylized, and mixed) and if signing style influences handwriting dynamics equally across three signature conditions (genuine, disguised, and auto-simulation). Ninety writers provided 10 genuine signatures, five disguised signatures, and five auto-simulated signatures. All 1800 signatures were collected using a digitizing tablet resulting in a database of each signature's dynamic characteristics. With genuine signatures, there were significant differences between styles for size, velocity, and pen pressure, and there were significant differences between genuine signatures and at least one of the un-natural signature conditions for all parameters. For velocity and size, these changes with condition were dependent on style. Changes with condition for the other parameters were similar for the three styles. This study shows that there are differences among natural signature styles and disguise behaviors that may be relevant in forensic signature examinations.     

《死刑案件证据规定》第23条的诠释与解读——以鉴定意见审查判断为视角

2010年7月1日《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》已正式实施,该规定第23条明确规定了鉴定意见审查判断时应当着重考察的若干事项。鉴定意见作为现代诉讼活动中的“证据之王”,在案件事实认定中具有极为重要的地位,甚至在死刑案件中扮演着“一纸定生死”的角色。通过对《死刑案件证据规定））第23条的诠释与解读,进一步明确刑事案件,尤其是死刑案件中的鉴定意见证据能力及证明力,有助于切实保障案件裁判的司法公正、维护案件当事各方的合法权益。