Development of a Novel Finger-Trigger Interface for Trigger Pull Measurement

Trigger pull is the force that needs to be exerted on the trigger to discharge a firearm. The measurement of trigger pull can assist in the evaluation of the safety, function, and manufacturing characteristics associated with a firearm during the forensic firearm examination process. Nonetheless, the accuracy and uncertainty of trigger pull measurements may be affected by the measuring device, test procedure, and environmental conditions. In this work, an innovative finger-trigger interface device was developed to facilitate accurate trigger pull measurements. The idea was to reduce the variation related to the position of the measurement device on the trigger in existing measuring methods and devices. Three force sensors based on different technologies were initially evaluated. While two of the three sensors failed to produce data, the miniature capacitive plate sensor exhibited high precision and a linear response over the range of typical trigger pulls. To examine the effects of the finger-trigger interface on trigger pull measurement, different sensor housing prototypes were designed in silico and 3D printed for the construction of three finger-trigger interface devices. The performance of each finger-trigger interface device was evaluated by measuring the trigger pulls of several selected firearms and comparing the data to a previously published study. Our preliminary results demonstrated the novel finger-trigger interface device offered a new way to measure trigger pull in situ with acceptable accuracy and precision.     

Determining Line-Crossing Sequences Between Laser Printing and Writing Pen Using Coaxial Light

Determining the application sequence of hand-written pen ink and printer toner lines has attracted significant interest in questioned document examination. This study uses coaxial light to determine line-crossing sequences, with intersections observed under a VSC600 forensic document workstation and a Leica M205A Stereo-microscope. Results show that reflected light at intersections and color contrast between intersections and nonintersections was observed when a hand-written ink line passes over a toner line, while a toner line passing over a written line appeared dull, with no color contrast. The procedure was tested under a range of conditions, such as types of writing pens and laser printers, the writer, and writing pressure, with the latter playing an important role in the evaluation. To validate the results, a 90% detection rate and 98% accuracy rate were achieved from 50 samples of blind testing, which is more effective than optical microscopy.     

台湾地区公诉权制约机制及其借鉴意义

近年来台湾地区的刑事诉讼经历了重大的改革,其公诉权制约机制较为完善。对于检察官不起诉、缓起诉处分,立法设置了再议制、交付审判制进行监督和制约,防止检察官滥用不起诉权;对于检察机关的起诉则在审前以起诉审查制进行制约,防止未达起诉法定门槛的案件进入审判。对于大陆来说,其公诉权制约机制有很大的借鉴意义。大陆也应设立公诉权的司法权制约机制,对于检察机关的起诉和不起诉都应最终由法院来进行审查和制约,以保证公诉权合法行使。但对于台湾地区公诉权制约机制的不足之处,借鉴的同时需予以改进。     

计算机病毒的发展趋势与防治

计算机技术发展越来越快,使得计算机病毒技术与计算机反病毒技术的对抗也越来越尖锐。为了能够更好地开发反病毒技术、防止病毒疫情的蔓延、保障信息产业的健康发展,是当前的重中之重。     

关于我国宪政意识缺位及建构问题的思考

由于商品经济的薄弱与自然经济的发达、我国传统文化对宪政核心价值的偏离以及宪法的实际运行情况等经济、文化和现实的原因,导致了我国宪政意识的缺位。为了培育公民的宪政意识,必须大力发展社会主义市场经济,加强社会主义民主政治建设,保证司法的独立性和公正性,保障宪法实施,建立健全我国的违宪审查机制,从而构建宪政意识的经济基础、政治基础、司法基础和制度基础。     

论国有船舶的有限管辖豁免

国有船舶管辖豁免经历了从绝对豁免到限制豁免的发展历程。20世纪初以来,国际社会开始通过国内立法、司法判例、国际条约等实践将用于商业目的的国有船舶排除在管辖豁免的范围之外。但在对国有船舶豁免范围予以限制的同时,应当注意明晰以下三个问题:用于商业目的的国有船舶应当依据船舶的用途来界定;国有企业对于所经营的国有船舶不得主张管辖豁免;国有企业具有独立的法人资格,一国法院不得任意扣押与当事船舶无关的其他国有企业的船舶。     

"仰融案"中的豁免与诉讼

一个主权国家在另一国家成为某一诉讼的被告,若该被告国出庭的目的仅仅是为了主张豁免权,则不该被视为同意该法院地国的管辖.即使辽宁省在美国未能成功主张豁免,美国为了避免对外国财产采取强制措施而导致中美外交方面受损,也不会对辽宁省的绝大部分财产采取强制措施.     

Incoterms2010：自由穿梭于国际贸易与运输之间的新规则

国际货物买卖合同与国际运输合同在法律属性上虽然各就其位,但一直“并驾齐驱”地实践着跨国货物的输出与输入的职责,而自由地穿行于两者之间的国际习惯法便是Incoterms2010。租船订舱被视为买卖双方最重要的权利与义务之一,而新的货物风险转移标准与时俱进,无比折射着国际运输法则的理念。赋予Incoterms2010术语在国内贸易与国际贸易领域同等的效力,再次印证了国际盛行的自由贸易区演变规律。鉴于THC费用的纷争错综复杂,借助传统的公法——班轮公会反托拉斯豁免制度干预私法领域,增加了Incoterms2010保护交易的公平与秩序的砝码。     

日本主权豁免法制的最新发展与启示

作为联合国《国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》的缔约国,日本通过国内立法完成了对公约的转化。出于限制豁免主义立场的考虑,日本在商业交易的判断标准、给予外国国家豁免的具体情形以及外国国家参加法院诉讼的法律效果等问题上对公约进行了较大修改;出于与国内法衔接的考虑,对国家与国家企业的关系采取了回避的态度;而在劳动者损害赔偿诉讼的管辖权等方面,虽然条文表述有异,但却符合公约的精神。日本国内立法的整体方向是扩大日本的司法管辖权,这一点既需要引起我们的警觉,也值得我们借鉴。     

高考改革背景下新建本科院校综合改革路径分析

党的十八届三中全会提出了深化中国教育的改革,高考改革和高校改革意味着中国教育的改革已经进入了攻坚阶段。尤其是高考改革,直接促使新建本科院校提速综合改革的进程。为此,应该在以下四个方面加快进程:办学定位由教学型到现代的教学—服务型;人才定性由技能型到现代的技能—素质型;专业定向由应用型到现代的应用—基础型,课程定制由实践型到现代的实践—通识型。