贸易保护主义对我国对外贸易的影响及对策研究

随着金融危机的深化与扩展,一些国家迫于形势的压力纷纷出台贸易保护措施,但同时也引来了贸易保护主义的喧嚣和泛滥。从奥巴马"新政"中的"购买美国货"条款,到欧盟对奶酪、黄油和奶粉的出口补贴,无不带有明显的贸易保护主义色彩。由此,危机的国际传导效应增大了全球经济的风险,国际经济形势更趋复杂化。分析金融危机对我国出口贸易的影响,提出相应对策,是我们积极应对国际国内形势发展变化的前提。     

Computational Study of Fracture Characteristics in Infant Skulls Using a Simplified Finite Element Model

Skull fracture characteristics are associated with loading conditions (such as the impact point and impact velocity) and could provide indication of abuse or accident‐induced head injuries. However, correlations between fracture characteristics and loading conditions in infant and toddler are ill‐understood. A simplified computational model representing an infant head was built to simulate skull responses to blunt impacts. The fractures were decided through a first principal strain‐based element elimination strategy. Simulation results were qualitatively compared with test data from porcine heads. This simplified model well captured the fracture pattern, initial fracture position, and direction of fracture propagation. The model also very well described fracture characteristics found in studies with human infant cadaveric specimens. A series of parametric studies was conducted, and results indicated that the parameters studied had substantial effects on fracture patterns. Additionally, the jagged shapes of sutures were associated with strain concentrations in the skull.     

日本强震及核危机对全球经济的影响

地震、海啸、核安全问题接连发生,日本正在经历史上罕见的“大创伤”。强震、海啸、核危机对日本经济的负面冲击明显大于阪神地震。日本地震后的灾后重建与阪神地震时的财政环境明显不同,地震提高了日本政府的违约风险和隐含的主权债务风险。但对世界经济整体而言,日本大地震不会影响全球经济复苏的步伐。虽然全球股市企稳回升,但“核阴云”笼罩亚太、大宗商品呈现先抑后扬的态势,加之受利比亚战争及发达国家的量化宽松货币政策等外围因素影响,日本大地震使全球金融市场未来面临诸多不确定性。日本地震对中国经济影响有限,灾后重建对中国出口及产业发展带来有利契机。     

Impact Spatter Bloodstain Patterns on Textiles

There are few reports of studies of impact spatter on textiles even though bloodstained textiles are found at many violent scenes. Impact spatter was deposited at 90° impact angle onto three knit fabrics of different yarn sizes and on paper. The resulting stain areas and number of stains were measured using ImageJ and compared with stains on paper using one‐factor ANOVA. The number of stains observed and their areas on the knit fabrics decreased as the yarn size increased. It was also found that blood that deposited on the fabric wicked only in the direction of the fibers at that location within the fabric which led to distorted stain shapes. Fewer observed impact spatter stains were found on cotton jersey knits for fabrics made with larger yarns than on paper. As the yarn size became smaller, the number of stains became the same as on paper.     

Automated decision-making in the EU Member States: The right to explanation and other “suitable safeguards” in the national legislations

The aim of this paper is to analyse the very recently approved national Member States’ laws that have implemented the GDPR in the field of automated decision-making (prohibition, exceptions, safeguards): all national legislations have been analysed and in particular 9 Member States Law address the case of automated decision making providing specific exemptions and relevant safeguards, as requested by Article 22(2)(b) of the GDPR (Belgium, The Netherlands, France, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Austria, the United Kingdom, Ireland).The approaches are very diverse: the scope of the provision can be narrow (just automated decisions producing legal or similarly detrimental effects) or wide (any decision with a significant impact) and even specific safeguards proposed are very diverse.After this overview, this article will also address the following questions: are Member States free to broaden the scope of automated decision-making regulation? Are ‘positive decisions’ allowed under Article 22, GDPR, as some Member States seem to affirm? Which safeguards can better guarantee rights and freedoms of the data subject?In particular, while most Member States refers just to the three safeguards mentioned at Article 22(3) (i.e. subject's right to express one's point of view; right to obtain human intervention; right to contest the decision), three approaches seem very innovative: a) some States guarantee a right to legibility/explanation about the algorithmic decisions (France and Hungary); b) other States (Ireland and United Kingdom) regulate human intervention on algorithmic decisions through an effective accountability mechanism (e.g. notification, explanation of why such contestation has not been accepted, etc.); c) another State (Slovenia) require an innovative form of human rights impact assessments on automated decision-making.     

中国民族村寨旅游效应研究概述

本文对1995年以来中国民族村寨旅游效应的研究现状进行了评述,反映了我国民族村寨旅游开发及其旅游效应研究的进展、学术动态,提出了今后需要进一步重视的理论和实践问题。     

沉默权制度的构建及其对我国刑事侦查的影响

随着我国公民人权意识的觉醒和刑事司法制度逐步向刑事司法国际标准靠拢,尤其是我国自1998年10月5日签署加入联合国<公民权利和政治权利国际公约>以来,沉默权问题已成为我国刑事立法和刑事司法的一个焦点,其在中国的确立将是大势所趋.本文仅对沉默权制度在我国的构建及其对刑事侦查工作的影响作一前瞻性探讨.     

网络对青少年的负面影响剖析

网络是一把双刃剑 ,既有无可替代的优越功能 ,也有一些不足和危害。青少年由于其独特的心理特征 ,更容易受到网络的伤害。分析网络对青少年造成的心理损害和社会化障碍 ,探讨网络对青少年的负面影响 ,可以引起有关方面的重视 ,采取有效措施 ,保证青少年的健康成长。     

教育资源不均衡对收入差异影响研究

中国近几十年在取得经济快速发展的同时,收入差异也在不断扩大。教育对社会及个人财富增长来说,都有十分重要的意义。运用国家统计数据进行实汪,发现中国教育资源存在区域不平衡和城乡不平衡等问题,它加剧了区域收入差异、城乡收入差异和群体收入差异扩大的趋势。建议：进一步提高认识;进一步加大投入;进一步完善制度。     

以规划环评为手段，推动“两型社会”建设——写在《规划环境影响评价条例》实施之际

该文分析了“两型社会”提出的背景和基本内涵,论述了规划环境影响评价对于建设“两型社会”的作用,并提出了进一步提高规划环境影响评价服务“两型社会”能力的建议。