Privacy principles,risks and harms

The protection of privacy is predicated on the individual's right to privacy and stipulates a number of principles that are primarily focused on information privacy or data protection and, as such, are insufficient to apply to other types of privacy and to the protection of other entities beyond the individual. This article identifies additional privacy principles that would apply to other types of privacy and would enhance the consideration of risks or harms to the individual, to groups and to society as a whole if they are violated. They also relate to the way privacy impact assessment (PIA) may be conducted. There are important reasons for generating consideration of and debate about these principles. First, they help to recalibrate a focus in Europe on data protection to the relative neglect of other types of privacy. Second, it is of critical importance at a time when PIA (renamed ‘data protection impact assessment’, or DPIA) may become mandatory under the European Commission's proposed Data Protection Regulation. Such assessment is an important instrument for identifying and mitigating privacy risks, but should address all types of privacy. Third, one can construct an indicative table identifying harms or risks to these additional privacy principles, which can serve as an important tool or instrument for a broader PIA to address other types of privacy.     

网络对民族文化的影响与对策初探

网络的出现和迅速发展,对文化的开放性、民族性、多元性产生了多方面影响.从民族文化的角度来看,网上的文化殖民活动使民族文化身份受到挑战,文化产业发展的不平衡使民族文化的保护受到威胁,网上的信息污染使民族文化的健康受到侵蚀;但网络也有利于民族文化的传播,有利于民族文化吸取外来文化的精华.要采取多方面的措施,积极应对网络给民族文化带来的挑战和机遇.     

The National Governance and Policy Context of Social Impact Bond Emergence: A Comparative Analysis of Leaders and Skeptics

Abstract

Proponents of the Social Impact Bond (SIB) model put forward a value-for-money case for SIBs based on new resources, efficiency enhancements and innovation for social service delivery, suggesting broad potential for SIB uptake in varying national contexts. SIB use has however been concentrated in Anglo-Saxon liberal market economies. This paper analyses the possibility that SIBs are proceeding given their alignment with particular governance and policy regimes, as opposed to any universal superiority from a cost-effectiveness or efficiency perspective. A comparative analysis is undertaken of the United Kingdom and the United States, leaders in SIB implementation, with France and Germany. A range of indicators representing the adoption of neoliberal governance approaches are reviewed and linked to their complementarity with the SIB model. Policy implications for SIB governance are then explored.     

公司对外担保行为的效力

本文从上市公司为大股东担保引发的诸多问题出发 ,详细分析了目前我国立法对于公司对外担保行为的各种限制 ,指出了其中的不足之处并提出了相应的完善建议。文章还对限制公司对外担保行为的法理依据进行了分析 ,指出虽然严格限制公司对外担保在目前具有积极的意义 ,但也存在以后放宽限制的可能。最后 ,文章还对因公司对外担保行为无效而产生的相关责任进行了分析     

重新认识费尔巴哈哲学对马克思哲学的影响

随着对马克思哲学研究的深入，我们感觉到有必要对其发展过程中产生过重要影响的费尔巴哈哲学进行深入探讨。从对费尔巴哈哲学的基本理论观点入手，在对其影响的传统认识上进行一番探究，就不难发现传统认识的种种局限。因此，通过对马克思哲学发展轨迹的研究，我们可以获得对费尔巴哈哲学影响的重新认识。     

论中国的国际定位

当今中国在国际舞台上的方位,可以简单地概括为:中国是大国;中国是社会主义国家;中国是发展中国家;中国是负责任的大国;中国是和平崛起中的大国;中国是地区性大国;中国是具有世界影响的国家。     

朝鲜经济改革简论

为摆脱经济困难,朝鲜不断提出新的经济调整措施,并进行经济改革,这将对朝鲜半岛和平、发展和统一乃至东北亚地区的多国合作发展产生深远影响。     

Neighbourhood outreach: a novel approach to Liaison and Diversion

Aims and method: We evaluate the initial outcomes from the Cornwall Criminal Justice Liaison and Diversion Service (CJLDS) which includes a pilot Neighbourhood Outreach scheme to support police with vulnerable individuals with suspected mental illness but not necessarily criminal involvement. Results: We review the first nine months’ operational data, including a six month follow-up of the initial three months’ to assess the impact of intervention. The service identified a large proportion of new cases of mental illness at an earlier stage. Intervention significantly reduced the number of contacts with police and may suggest a reduction in the severity of crime. Clinical implications: The Cornwall CJLDS with its pilot Neighbourhood Outreach has had a significant impact on both health and on crime, with additional cost savings. The degree to which this is replicable is discussed. Declaration of interest: None     

美国文化的冲击对中国青少年的影响及对策

美国的文化价值观主要是通过三种途径对中国青少年产生影响的:一是文化产业的渗透;二是利用网络文化上的垄断地位;三是在中国网罗青年人才,培植西方代言人。中国青少年在社会转型期存在文化认同上的缺失,对主流文化价值观淡漠,没有明确的信仰和目标追求。为此,我国教育工作者应树立青少年的忧患意识,大力提升文化产业的国际竞争力,加强网络文化建设,防止本国文化被边缘化。     

为他人行为侵权责任之归责基础

为他人行为责任的基础在于赔偿义务人能够支配加害人的行为或者能够对直接加害人的行为产生重大影响，此即支配或重大影响说。该说不仅是在对为他人行为责任各具体责任形态的构成要件、免责事由等进行归纳的基础上得出的结论，而且还有着深刻的经济和社会原因，即民事法律关系中隶属关系的存在、客观上人格不平等的凸显、个人自由意志的削弱以及责任保险制度的发达。提出支配或重大影响说对于梳理侵权责任法为他人行为责任的理论体系和责任形态、确定不同的责任类型、细分同一责任的不同层次以及在当事人之间合理分配损害都具有重要意义。