论农村土地资产与土地资本的协调与转化

长期以来,我国只将土地作为一种生存的工具,称之为生产资料。经过30年的土地制度变迁,土地才由生产资料变成土地资产,又过了20年土地才具有了部分生产要素性质。从实践来看,土地制度变迁的最终目的应该是将土地资产变成土地资本。     

浅谈反“黑”基本手段的内容、特点与运用

反“黑”的基本手段主要有政治、经济、法律、行政、文化、教育手段;基本特点是针对性、社会性、系统性和互补性,对反“黑”的手段要综合运用,优势互补,强化打击。     

论特殊防卫制度——对《刑法》第20条第3款的理解及完善建议

特殊防卫的起因条件是严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪 ,时间条件是严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪实际存在并正在进行 ,主观条件是防卫人具有合法的防卫意图 ,对象条件是不法侵害者本人 ,限度条件是没有强度和后果的限制。我国《刑法》第 2 0条第 3款中“行凶”一词的使用不够科学 ,应以“故意伤害”取而代之 ;同时应通过立法或司法解释方法将“行凶、杀人、抢劫、强奸、绑架”界定为犯罪手段 ;对“其他严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪”不能随意扩展。     

入世对行政执法的要求

入世在一定意义上是政府入世,入世必将对我国行政执法的整体水平提出更高的要求,其主要体现在行政执法依据、行政执法程序、行政执法监督和救济等几个方面。     

珠算的功能及文化价值

中国珠算在世界计算工具发展史上举足轻重的地位说明珠算与计算机并行不悖、相辅相成的关系。历史证明珠算具有卓越的计算功能;"珠心算"的兴起,反映了珠算的教育启智功能无可估量;既是科学技术的载体,又有深厚的文化底蕴。本文着重论述了信息社会中国传统的计算工具珠算盘的价值、功能和发展前景问题。     

中日韩FTA对产业的影响分析

随着中、日、韩贸易投资合作日益密切,区域内贸易和产业内贸易不断增加,三国关于建立自由贸易区的讨论日益激烈。分析比较三国产业竞争力,可以看到我国的整体产业竞争力与韩日相差较大,处于三国垂直型产业内贸易分工结构的低端。在这一背景下缔结三国FTA,我国的主要产业和相关企业短期内会受到一定冲击,但长远看可以促进我国产业结构升级,提高产业竞争力。为对应中日韩FTA,我国政府应改善产业环境,放宽市场限制,建立公正公平的市场机制。企业需要适应贸易投资环境的变化,从技术创新、产品差异化和管理与营销等方面加强与竞争对手的抗衡能力。     

在国企改制过程中对职工持股的思考

在对国有企业进行股份制改造的同时,应积极推行职工持股.国有企业的存量资产是劳动者几十年劳动的财富积累,将其按一定的规则条件量化到每一位职工,"重建个人所有制",共同占有生产资料,可以有效实现生产资料与生产劳动者的结合.现时,借助国资委叫停MBO(管理层收购),各地政府应结合本地区实际尽快制定ESOP(全员持股)方案,以顺利完成国企的股份制改造.     

新形势下利益整合的社会选择

正确反映和兼顾不同方面群众的利益,是新形势下利益整合的社会选择.理论上探讨需要原动力(起点)--制度手段(中介)--利益整合(目的)结果的相互作用过程,考察我国深化改革的实践轨迹和历史表现,揭示社会主义和谐社会应当是各方面利益关系不断得到协调的社会.     

Further investigations into the speed of cerebral swelling following blunt cranial trauma

An anesthetized sheep model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been developed to assess early changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) following closed head injury. Immediately after TBI, a transient (<10 min) hypertensive response occurred, followed by significant and prolonged systemic hypotension. ICP demonstrated a biphasic response, being seven times baseline values of 8 ± 2 mm Hg 10 min after injury, decreasing to 25 ± 2 mm Hg by 30 min, and then increasing to values exceeding 30 mm Hg by 4 h postinjury. ICP was always significantly higher than baseline values, which combined with hypotension, reduced cerebral perfusion pressure to less than 60% of normal. This early and sustained increase in ICP after craniocerebral trauma acutely alters cerebral perfusion pressure and brain oxygenation and provides a potential pathophysiological explanation for immediate clinical manifestations in humans following significant TBI.     

Tackling the Big Questions in Social Impact Bond Research through Comparative Approaches

Abstract

This special issue of theJournal of Comparative Policy Analysis brings together four cross-disciplinary articles representing the first concerted attempt to combine comparative approaches to extend theoretical and empirical understandings of Social Impact Bonds (SIBs). SIBs are investment-backed payment-by-results projects and have been subject to vigorous academic debate on their appropriateness and efficacy since the first SIB launched in 2010. This introduction to the special issue outlines the state of the academic literature on SIBs, identifying gaps and suggesting five big questions that do not yet have satisfactory answers: (1) What are the administrative or political problems to which SIBs respond? (2) Where and why do SIBs emerge in particular contexts? (3) What is the role of SIBs in the evidence-based policy movement? (4) Is delivering an intervention through a SIB more effective than other means and are associated costs justifiable? (5) Do SIBs catalyse wider organizational, system, or institutional changes? This introduction then summarizes the articles included in this special issue, discusses how they respond to these big questions, and suggests that further comparative research might best address remaining gaps in the literature.