我国刑法实施的回顾与展望

我国刑法的实施,在刑法理念更新、理论与实践相结合、保障人权、宽严相济和尊重国际化趋势方面,有着成功的经验.总的来说,刑法实施六十余年来,顺应了社会发展的需要,有力地保障了社会稳定、人民安全.当前我国社会治安总体稳定,但是仍处于刑事犯罪的高发期,这给我国社会的稳定带来了冲击,也让刑法的实施面临了不小的挑战.展望刑法未来的实施,我们要继续坚持科学的刑事司法理念、进一步贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策、推进刑事司法改革、促进刑事司法的国际合作.唯有如此,我国刑法的实施才能朝着更为科学、文明、人道、公正的方向发展.     

Globalization and Domestic Trade Policy Preferences: Foreign Frames and Mass Support for Agriculture Subsidies

Reforming agriculture trade policy is key to breaking the deadlock in multilateral trade negotiations. While existing studies have focused on institutions and interest group barriers to agriculture trade reform in developed countries, most have failed to recognize the broad support for agriculture protection among developed countries. In this article we examine one of the drivers of this support: the ability of politicians to frame their own agriculture policies as less generous relative to those of other countries. Drawing on existing literature on heuristics, we argue that voters are malleable to politicians’ comparative framing of agriculture policies. Using an original survey experiment in the United States, we find that framing US agriculture as less generous than other countries generates an additional 12% of respondents supporting increased farm payments to US farmers. These results speak to the difficulty in reforming agriculture and more broadly about the lack of public support for unilateral trade liberalization.     

行政层级与政策执行失效

导致政策执行失效的原因很多,但探究政策执行失效的前提是必须清楚政策执行失效主要发生在哪些政府中。本文认为,不同的行政层级在政策执行中体现不同的特征,政策执行失效并非发生在所有层级的政府中,而是主要集中在省级以下政府。     

The impact of candidate name order on election outcomes in North Dakota

A number of studies have explored the possibility that the ordering of candidates' names on the ballot might influence how those candidates perform on election day. Strong evidence of an order effect comes from investigations of election returns in states that implemented quasi-random assignment of candidate name orders to voters. Although most such studies have identified benefits for earlier-listed candidates, much of the evidence comes from a limited set of elections in only a handful of states. This paper expands our understanding of order effects to 31 general elections held in North Dakota between 2000 and 2006; these include all state-wide races involving 2 candidates. A primacy effect appeared in 80% of the contests. The first ballot position reaped the largest benefits in non-partisan contests and in presidential election years. These findings are consistent with earlier studies from other states and provide evidence in line with proposals that a lack of information and ambivalence underlie candidate name order effects.     

我国农村养老保障政策实施刍议

解决好农村养老问题就等于是解决了中国大部分老年人的基本生活问题;同时,社会养老保障政策又是实施国民收入再分配的一种手段和方法,通过其在农村的实施,可以显著地解决我国农民低收入的问题;再者,在中国日益走向市场化的制度背景下,政府如何发挥其应有的责任,制定有效的实施方案,维护市场经济的正常运行是非常必要的。     

MP behavior in mixed-member electoral systems

Previous research has argued that representatives in mixed-member electoral systems adjust their behavior to the mode of their election, the so-called mandate divide. MPs elected in single-member districts focus on their district, whereas those elected through closed party lists focus on their party. Yet this ignores that candidates in mixed-member systems can run in a district and on their party's list concurrently. This paper presents a model of how the prospects of re-election in the district and through the party list affect the relationship between voters, candidates, and parties. It is shown that the dual candidacy option results in candidates focusing on their party in most instances. The model is applied to a novel data set on the allocation of federal road construction projects in Germany.     

刑罚效力有限之论纲

刑罚一直被誉为犯罪防治的万灵药,然则,其效力真如所说吗?笔者从刑罚的理论和实践基础方面分析了刑罚的效力问题,最终得出结论,刑罚的效力是有限的,并提出了一系列的修正路径,以求教于同仁。     

论既判力的时间范围

在民事诉讼法学理论上，既判力的效力范围是通过既判力的客观范围、主观范围和时间范围来共同加以界定的。其中，对既判力的时间范围我国学者尚缺乏深度的研究，司法实践中对相关问题的处理也较为混乱。为此，有必要以既判力的“标准时”为视角，对生效终局判决的既判效力进行细致分析，对民法形成权的行使、预测性判决等领域中判决的既判效力的特殊性问题加以探讨，不断深化和丰富我国关于既判力理论的研究。     

私人侦探调查取证问题探究

私人侦探进行调查取证是其众多业务中的一个重要方面，但其调查取证的范围应当限制于民事行政诉讼案件、附带民事诉讼案件和刑事自诉案件，而不能”染指”刑事公诉案件。私人侦探调查取证的具体方式复杂多样，因而对其调查取证的证据效力应当区别不同情形确定。     

从国际条约的执行看加拿大联邦宪法问题

“条约必须信守”原则要求,承担了执行生效条约义务的国家必须在国内有效地履行所缔结的国际条约。但是,加拿大联邦政府在执行所缔结条约时存在一定困难。通过分析比较发现,加拿大履行条约的最大障碍存在于加拿大联邦制度。因为加拿大联邦制度无法有效解决联邦与地方的权力争端。