“非行政许可“内涵的界定及其规范

《中华人民共和国行政许可法》未予提及"非行政许可",在理论界也鲜有论述。由于设定、实施没有统一的规范,非行政许可审批项目在各部门、各地方存在设定主体混乱、认定标准不一、数目相差悬殊、名称使用不规范、缺乏必要监管等问题,破坏了行政法制的统一,影响了行政审批的正确实施,削弱了行政许可法律制度的实施效果。为了进一步推进行政审批制度改革,切实转变政府职能,调整、规范部门权力,从源头上预防和治理腐败,创新社会管理方式,对"非行政许可"内涵的界定及其规范是十分必要的。     

The polyamorous threat to nonmarriage

Some progressive U.S. Cities and several Canadian provinces now provide mechanisms for polyamorous families to register as such with state authorities. More than a million people in the United States identify as polyamorous and many more practice some form of ethical nonmonogamy. This article suggests that the growing recognition of polyamory poses a substantial threat to a simultaneous development in family law: the call by scholars and the Uniform Law Commission for courts to enforce a more implied contract, implied partnership and equitable claims in the context of non-marital conjugal cohabitation. Non-marital cohabitants argue that courts can infer marital-type commitments to share property from the fact of conjugal cohabitation. They argue that their nonmarriage should entitle them to the kinds of relief afforded to divorcing couples. But polyamorous conjugal cohabitation involves very different norms and commitments to reliance, partnership and transparency than does traditional marriage. Marital-type relief maps awkwardly, if at all, onto the reality of most polyamorous relationships. By bringing into relief that which we cannot necessarily assume about conjugal cohabitation, the recognition of polyamory questions what many proponents of more legal protection of nonmarital couples ask courts to assume about conjugal cohabitation, namely that it gives rise to reasonable reliance on a status quo and an intent to share property. Moreover, by providing a means for polyamorous households to register their relationships, polyamorous registration normalizes the idea of non-marital relationship registration. The more normal and expected it is for people who want rights as some form of family to register their familial intent with the state, the harder it is for those who have not so registered to argue that the state must treat them as some sort of family.     

沉默权制度及刑事司法的价值取向

沉默权制度是欧洲“人文主义思潮”的产物 ,是英国资产阶级革命的结果。“米兰达规则”标志着西方国家的沉默权制度发展到“鼎盛时期”,然后又出现了明显的“回潮”。沉默权制度可以分为默示沉默权制度和明示沉默权制度 ,还可以分为审判沉默权制度和审讯沉默权制度。中国现在需要完善的是默示的审判沉默权制度 ,但是不应采用明示的审讯沉默权制度 ,一个国家对沉默权的态度 ,在一定程度上反映了其刑事司法的价值取向。