对刑事证据立法的相关思考

证据制度历来被比作刑事诉讼的脊梁,是诉讼活动的基础、是全部司法活动的核心和灵魂。但由于立法的不完善,导致了我国在司法实践中证据制度缺乏可操作性。证据法学不仅是一门技术性很强的学科,而且对保障人权也至关重要。因此,对我国证据制度改革问题进行认真探索研究,对完善证据立法和指导司法实践,具有深刻的现实意义。文章从介绍证据立法的紧迫性和必要性入手,对完善证据立法的意义、构建模式、现行立法现状及存在的主要问题进行了系统的分析,并在参考借鉴国外相关成熟做法的基础上,结合我国的实际国情,提出相应的立法建议。     

从警察被打死也不敢开枪案引发的法律思考

从乘警宁可被打死也不敢开枪的案例来看,警察不敢开枪有其主客观原因.其中刑事法律缺乏对警察履行职责行为的特殊保护,警察使用武器的有关规定缺乏可操作性,导致实践中警察无法准确掌握依法使用武器的法定条件,是警察有枪不敢开的客观原因;一些警察因为违法使用枪支而被追究法律责任,则使警察主观上不愿和不敢使用武器.应完善有关法律和制度,确保民警敢于依法正确使用武器.     

和谐社会视野下公众参与立法的有效实现

和谐社会建设是一项宏大的系统工程,构建和谐社会需要公众参与立法。构建和谐社会就是构建法治社会,而在现代法治国家,立法是实现法治的前提和基础,社会关系的诸多利益,主体的和谐共处乃是立法的理想目标,实现和谐立法一方面有赖于立法机关、立法者的民主精神,另一方面更在于公众的立法参与。我们应在公众参与立法实践与国家积极吸纳民意的良性互动中,努力推动我国公众立法参与在稳定的社会环境中,经由一条渐进和持续的"中国式发展道路"而得以和谐、有效地实现。     

论盘查制度的立法完善

盘查权在公安派出所打击流动人口犯罪方面功不可没,但是,我国法律对盘查权的立法还存在这样或那样的不足,在很大程度上限制了盘查权作用的发挥,本文试从几个角度谈谈盘查权的立法完善。     

附条件逮捕制度价值研究及制度完善

附条件逮捕制度的推行,是在面对严重刑事犯罪时,既要保卫社会又要保障人权而依法能动进行的制度调整．是在坚守法治原则的前提下对宽严相济刑事政策的有力践行。要充分发挥其功能,必须对其适用范围、条件和程序予以制度设计,确保该制度惩治犯罪和保障人权目的的实现。     

Interventions with women offenders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health gain

Currently, a conjunction of policy, legislative change in health and social care and the criminal justice system, combined with funding for innovative services make it opportune to assess the evidence base for interventions with women offenders. Women offenders have a distinctive criminological, health and social profile and a gender specific approach to their difficulties is advocated. This systematic review and meta-analysis focus on mental health gain in adult women offenders in forensic health settings, criminal justice institutions and in the community, following therapeutic interventions. Interventions were assessed in terms of specific outcome measures of depression, trauma symptomatology and global mental health status. Comprehensive search strategies yielded 3018 articles, from which we obtained 199 full text articles. Seventeen articles were included in the final review, of which six were excluded from the meta-analysis as there was no comparator group. There is a modest, but increasing, body of evidence for the utility of some interventions, notably those addressing the consequences of earlier trauma, including interventions which also address comorbid substance misuse. This does not amount, to date, to a robust evidence base. Limitations of these studies are discussed and include small sample sizes, their restriction mainly to prison populations and that they were substantially undertaken in the US. Variations in outcome measures follow-up and the difficulties inherent in measuring change in this complex population are also detailed. However, the review delineates definite avenues for further work. To achieve this, those responsible for policy, practice and purchase of services should both be mindful of existing evidence and promote additional, high quality research into interventions which are designed around a coherent, theoretical approach.     

Community＇s Benefits From the Tourism Growth and Tourism Site Development in Vang Vieng District of Vientiane Province,Lao PDR

This study attempts to measure benefits of the local residents of Vang Vieng from tourism growth and tourism site development. Here, community benefits involve not only economic benefits but include also social, cultural, and environmental benefits. The data used in this analysis are primary data provided through a questionnaire by the residents of Vang Vieng district, a famous tourist spot in Lao PDR. The results are mixed results. On the negative side, the community faces some risks as a result of tourism development. On the positive side, tourism growth and tourism site development bring about improvements in living conditions and conservations of residents＇ attitudes toward tourism improvement development.     

论气候难民保护面临的国际法问题及其对策

全球变暖增加了酷热、飓风等极端天气出现的频率。而气候变化导致的海平面上升也将严重影响沿海地区居民的生活。大量因为气候原因而迁移的人由此催生了一个新的名词——气候难民。但是,无论是国际立法还是各国国内立法,由于缺乏明确、清晰的定义,使得国际、国内层面对于“气候难民”的保护迟迟未能落实。因此,应当给予“气候难民”一个明晰的定义,国际社会应当通力合作改善气候难民的生存现状,赋予其充分的生命权、健康权、财产权、土地权等,并积极促进其与当地社区的融合与交流,通过建立国际气候难民救助基金来保障气候难民的权利。     

打造现代化西江黄金水道的优劣势及其对策

广西在推进西江黄金水道现代化建设中,既有其优越的地理资源、区位优势和时代历史机遇,也有诸多影响发展的制约因素,致使西江的航运潜能没有得到充分的开发。为此,解放思想,抓住机遇,采取一系列措施全面推进西江水运建设,是事关广西西江经济带建设的战略问题。     

Comprehensive Performance Assessment and Public Services Improvement in England? A Case Study of the Benefits Administration Service in Local Government

The purpose of this paper is to independently evaluate the impact of the Comprehensive Performance Assessment regime on one particular public service, namely the provision of council tax and housing benefits distributed by local authorities throughout the course of the regime. This service was assessed in every iteration of the CPA methodologies and it included one of the few key performance indicators (KPIs) where the definition of the performance indicator, the means of collection and the public reporting of its results, remained the same throughout the CPA period between 2002 and 2008.

The findings show that there were considerable and consistent improvements in benefits administration nationally within England and across all of its regions. The paper then investigates a series of propositions. Whether there was any significant variations in the performance of larger as opposed to smaller authorities, or between predominantly rural authority areas and urban authorities or between authorities with different party political control. Finding no significant differences the research suggests implementation of the CPA regime itself appears to have had a catalytic effect upon the performance of the benefit administration services within local authorities throughout this period. The paper therefore concludes with a brief discussion as to whether the findings support the theoretical position of proponents of neo-institutionalism isomorphism or more traditional rational actor theories of public choice.