The Distribution of Household Property Crimes

Previous studies have established that repeat victimizations occur more frequently than would be expected if households within a particular area were victimized randomly. This implies that characteristics of the household affect the victimization rate. Even controlling for these characteristics, we find that a Poisson model does not capture the distribution of victimizations because repeat victimizations are more concentrated than it would indicate. This leads us to adopt the negative binomial generalization of the Poisson model. Our analysis uses sociodemographic attributes of the household and community-level characteristics to predict victimizations, with the victimization data being the observed number of property crime victimizations from the 1992 British Crime Survey. The negative binomial generalization is found to be highly statistically significant and the crime concentration it implies becomes much more marked as the predicted number of victimizations increases.     

论我国未成年犯社区矫正的必要性及可行性

当前,我国未成年人犯罪数量快速增长,且再犯罪率很高,这表明传统的未成年犯矫正工作已不适应现在矫正工作的需要。对未成年犯进行社区矫正,是近年来世界各国刑罚执行制度的一个发展趋势。它彰显了人道主义和人文关怀精神,有利于对未成年犯的再社会化,能够有效地克服对未成年犯科以监禁刑罚所产生的弊端。从未成年犯社区矫正的基本概念入手,论述我国未成年犯适用社区矫正的必要性及可行性。     

齐鲁文化与新时期山东精神

山东悠久的历史和强大的文化传统是构建新时期山东精神的历史起点。传统的两面性决定了齐鲁文化既给新时期山东精神的构建提供了思想资源和精神动力，也会形成惰性力量产生负面影响，这就要求必须站在时代的高度，把对其优劣的认识从潜意识的自发层次提升到有意识的自觉层次，扬长避短，以对当下社会产生积极的意义。     

刑罚的负价值

对刑罚的选择,是人类社会理性而又无奈之举。随着社会的发展,刑罚理论也相继出现了报应主义、功利主义、并合主义。20世纪70年代,由于对现实的刑罚哲学和实践的不满,还出现了报应观念的重新复活。激烈而富于理性的争论给我们带来理论繁荣的同时,也从侧面体现了刑罚的多面性和复杂性。刑罚使包括犯罪人在内的普通民众更加冷酷无情;刑罚是用诚实人的钱为犯罪买单;刑罚干涉了社会生活的有序性及正常性;刑罚造成情感的创伤。     

共同犯罪中身份因素之探微

身份因素在共同犯罪的法律规定中前后存在矛盾,判断标准不一,现行法律、司法解释在司法实践中有较大的分歧,存在违反罪刑相适应原则的嫌疑;共同犯罪中"共同"的标准亦即共同犯罪的本质是犯罪共同说是妥当的,但"共同"之程度还有待刑法解释的进一步完善;大陆法系中所称之身份犯排除犯罪支配理论,而改用义务犯理论,无身份者不能成为有身份者之正犯,却可以成为有身份者之共犯;认定身份犯在共同犯罪中所起的作用依然不能脱离共同犯罪的本质,义务是确定身份犯在共同犯罪中所处地位之唯一标准。     

查缉人员消极心理及其防治

查缉人员的消极心理主要有急于求成、麻痹大意、遇事慌张、害怕困难、反应迟缓等,其产生原因主要是思想不过硬、缺乏查缉技能、不善于自我调控和查缉指挥的影响.防治查缉人员的消极心理应加强思想教育和查缉技能训练,提高指挥水平,注意临战自我心理调控.     

过失犯罪二题

行为人认识到若不采取有效措施,由于自己的过失犯罪行为所导致的法益侵害状态将会进一步恶化,而听之任之,以致某种法益遭受更严重的侵害的,转化成故意犯罪,先前的过失犯罪被吸收。过失共同犯罪的概念,在我国不应被承认,但对于其中一人的过失行为所导致的危害结果,作为行为共同体的对方,因为违反了共同的注意义务,亦因对危害结果负责。     

The role of the sociologist as mitigation expert in a sentencing hearing

This paper examines Louisiana’s habitual offender statute and the role of a sociologist as a mitigation expert/criminologist in a specific case. The paper includes a summary of the habitual offender statute; the literature/theories used by the sociologist in his testimony; the trial judge’s decision; and the decision of the three-judge panel of the appellant court, particularly the minority opinion. The case has been returned to the district court for re-sentencing and the trial judge is under no obligation to accept the panel’s decision; but in practice must justify any lenient sentence. The use of sociology as mitigation in criminal cases generally is discussed. The author has worked in over 300 criminal cases since 1988, most of which were capital murder, but also include second-degree murder, manslaughter, armed robbery, rape, and habitual offender hearings.     

Sexually violent predators and civil commitment: is selection evidence based?

Sexual offenses represent an alarming proportion of crimes committed yearly. To address these concerns, several states, including South Carolina (SC), have enacted laws requiring sexually violent predators (SVPs) to be civilly committed to treatment. To date, no published study has examined sexual offenders recommended for treatment in SC. This study used a specially designed statewide database (SC-SVP research database) to determine which offender and offense characteristics were associated with increased likelihood of being recommended for civil commitment. Factors correlated with being more likely to be recommended included: being of a younger age at time of evaluation, prior sex convictions, having related and unrelated victims, a higher number of victims, frequent substance use, and a history of suicide attempts. Prior sex convictions, having both related and non-related victims, and a higher total number of victims align with characteristics associated with sexual recidivism. Frequent substance abuse and a history of suicide attempts do not mirror previous findings regarding sexual recidivism. These findings present new information regarding the civil commitment process of offenders being committed to the SC-SVP treatment program, characterize types of offenders committed to SC-SVP treatment program, and provide a foundation for using a computerized database in conducting sex offender research.