农村居民收入分配差距多视角分析——以宁夏为例

收入分配差距一直是社会各界关注的经济、社会问题.市场经济的纵深发展,必然会推动分配差距的扩大.收入分配差距的扩大既体现了效率,但又可能有失公平,有不利于社会稳定的一面.目前,农村贫富差距确实有了一定程度的拉大,但主要表现为地域之间的差距,总体差距及各个地域内部差距仍在比较合理的范围之内,其激励作用大于不利影响.     

关于构建社会主义和谐社会的几点思考

构建社会主义和谐社会是一项复杂而艰巨的系统工程.其中"收入差距过大"已成为社会关注的焦点,是影响到社会和谐的一大隐患,也是需要我们研究的重要课题.     

构建社会主义和谐社会几个问题的探讨

构建社会主义和谐社会,必须以保持稳定的政治环境为前提,必须缩小收入差距和实现社会公平,必须努力促进人与自然和谐相处,建立资源节约型和环境友好型社会。     

我国企业所得税法的统一及对外资的影响

在我国,内外资企业所得税法的统一已酝酿多年。时至今日,就两法统一问题已形成一些基本认识。只是对两法统一对外资可能产生的影响,利益各方争议较大。就此问题,本文从我国对外资的开放、投资环境、税收优惠的作用、两法统一的设计4个方面进行了分析,指出那种认为两法统一必定会对外资进入中国产生巨大冲击的担心是没有必要的,而在现行税制下内资企业处于一种极不公平的竞争地位。因此,为了给内外资企业创造一个公平竞争的税收环境,必须尽早实行企业所得税法的统一。     

From Form to Function to Sustainable Solutions? Reforming Public Sectors in Low Income Countries: New Approaches and Available Evidence of “What Works”

The article reviews the evidence about success of public sector reforms in low and middle income countries, external support for such reforms, and recent ideas of how such support could be better designed and implemented. Enthusiasm for supporting public sector reforms has decreased over the past decade, and available data suggest that there has been little overall improvement. However, it also indicates that a small number of countries have significantly strengthened their public sectors over the past 10 to 20 years. The article then reviews five new approaches that have been proposed for better supporting public sector reforms. It looks at how they diagnose what has not worked and the implications of what should be carried out differently. Furthermore, it explores to what extent the available evidence of overall stagnation as well as of success cases fits with these proposed alternatives, to gauge to what extent they are likely to make a difference. The final section sets out the implications. Development agencies should seek to deliberately test a combination of the proposed alternative approaches, particularly in more difficult contexts, taking political feasibility as a basis and adding other elements. The urgency to make progress remains high. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Why Do Housing Mobility Programs Fail in Moving Households to Better Neighborhoods?

This article conceptualizes the relationship between housing instability, residential mobility, and neighborhood quality. We summarize the existing literature about residential mobility and housing instability and examine their potential interactions along three dimensions: (a) the reasons for a move, including a variety of push and pull factors; (b) mobility outcomes in terms of whether moves result in residing in a better or worse neighborhood than that of the prior residence; and, especially important for low-income households, (c) the degree to which the current move and past experiences of moving have been discretionary or forced. Housing instability is a cumulative concept, with involuntary moves at its center. This synthetic model of housing instability's impact on mobility outcomes suggests that the more instability a household has experienced, the less likely mobility moves are to occur, or, if they do occur, to be long lasting. Policy implementation may underestimate the interaction between cumulative housing instability and residential mobility in housing mobility policies. Thus, these interactions have implications for mobility policies, pointing toward a path for future research that inform policies to move low-income households toward both greater housing stability and better neighborhood outcomes.     

吉林省中等收入阶层发展困境研究———基于长吉两地的问卷调查

中等收入阶层占多数的橄榄型社会结构是最有利于社会稳定的结构.目前,我国城市中等收入阶层的规模呈逐步扩大的趋势,但吉林省的中等收入阶层还没有达到占社会人口总数40％的最低线.本文通过对798份有效问卷的分析发现,吉林省中等收入阶层面临着收入水平低和购房、子女教育、家庭社会保障支出压力较大等困境;中等收入阶层发展面临着收入分配、产业结构、市场化进程、全民创业、利益调整等诸多障碍.为此,本文认为,形成扩大中等收入阶层的社会共识,千方百计增加居民收入,拓展社会流动空间,是培育和扩大吉林省中等收入阶层的主要途径.     

Sustained Development Leads to Higher Living Standards简

正CHINA’s economy has significantly advanced over the past 35 years of reform and openingup.Chinese people’s incomes have risen and their living standards have improved,from barely having enough to eat and adequate clothing to today’s generally better-off lifestyle.     

Tax Reforms under the Principle of Transparency,Efficiency and Equity

正CHINA has been comprehensively deepening reforms since the convening last November of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee.Tax reforms affect the interests of each citizen and every enterprise,and are inextricable from economic development and social stability.As one of the world’s main emerging economies,China operates a fiscal system under the principle of high fiscal revenues and high fiscal expenditure,thus ensuring     

Support for radical left ideologies in Europe

This article examines support for radical left ideologies in 32 European countries. It thus extends the relatively scant empirical research available in this field. The hypotheses tested are derived mainly from group‐interest theory. Data are deployed from the 2002–2010 European Social Surveys (N = 174,868), supplemented by characteristics at the country level. The results show that, also in the new millennium, unemployed people and those with a lower income are more likely to support a radical left ideology. This is only partly explained by their stronger opinion that governments should take measures to reduce income differences. In contrast to expectations, the findings show that greater income inequality within a country is associated with reduced likelihood of an individual supporting a radical left ideology. Furthermore, cross‐national differences in the likelihood of supporting the radical left are strongly associated with whether a country has a legacy of an authoritarian regime.