论刑罚的有限性

刑罚具有有限性:从低限道德标准和正义目标的视域来看,刑罚的运行是有限制的;从犯罪原因和罪刑关系的角度来看,刑罚的功能或者作用也是有限的;从经济学角度看,刑罚受最基本的经济因素制约。     

平果县农民增收调查报告

农民收入是农业、农村、农民问题的核心。“三农”问题要想得到彻底解决 ,必须狠抓农民收入 ,将增加农民收入作为突破口。民族地区农民增收问题的发展是不平衡的 ,具有普遍性与民族地区的特性的双重表现。文章简略地介绍了所使用的社会调查方法 ,并形成了两个研究假设。针对调查研究的目的 ,文章分三个部分展开 ,即平果县农民收入现状、政府的作用与举措以及关于民族地区农民增收的建议     

保障职工权益与提高居民收入若干问题的思考

保障职工权益与提高居民收入有着密切的联系。两者之间是有着许多的共同点,同时又存在着不同之处。保障职工权益是提高收入的前提,是提高收入的支持动力,而提高收入为保障职工权益提供一定的物质保证,促进职工权益的有效维护。工会在保障职工权益与提高居民收入方面应发挥重要作用。     

关于增加农民收入问题的几点思考

增加农民收入要多管齐下,调整优化农业结构,推进农业产业化经营,引进、推广、应用农业高新科技,整顿和发展乡镇企业,稳定国家关于农业的方针政策等。     

Looking for the state and finding god: conceptions of security among low-income Cairenes

This article analyses how low-income individuals in Cairo, Egypt interpret the aspects of security and insecurity that affect their daily lives. Particular attention is paid to crime and failing transportation infrastructure during Mohammed Morsi’s presidency, 2012–2013. Primarily, I show how religion is both a tool and coping mechanism to help combat chronic periods of insecurity. Participants invoke religion to force officials to perform their duties and to perform them honestly. Secondly, religion is called upon as a final form of mental and spiritual relief against injustice and the trials of daily urban life. This paper seeks to make an intervention into security studies by showing how Egyptians defend themselves through personal and communal understandings of religion in distinction to security practices enacted by the state and other national and international organizations.     

Moving to Location Affordability? Housing Choice Vouchers and Residential Relocation in the Portland,Oregon, Region

Abstract

Location affordability measures a household’s combined cost of housing and transportation. Low-income households have the most to gain from housing with lower transportation costs. This research analyzes whether Housing Choice Voucher Program households—participants in a program designed to provide low-income households with a greater degree of housing choice—are able to choose housing that lowers their transportation costs in a metropolitan region with a compact, vital urban core. A mixed-methods approach is used to investigate the differences in location affordability and efficiency among 2,026 voucher recipients who moved within the Portland, Oregon, region during 2012–2013. Location mattered to movers, but in some unexpected ways. Urban movers relocated to less location efficient areas, whereas suburban movers’ location efficiency remained stable. In tight housing markets, voucher holders may be edged out of location-efficient neighborhoods and thus incur increased transportation costs.     

Inequality,Wealth and Thailand’s Politics

ABSTRACT

Acemoglu and associates argue that resistance to democratisation will be stronger where inequality is high. Piketty shows that shifts at the upper end of the distribution may be historically more significant than overall measures of inequality. In Thailand, the high level of income inequality has eased slightly since 2000, but there is a “1% problem” as peak incomes are growing faster than the average. Newly available data show that inequality of wealth is very high. At the top of the wealth pyramid, family holdings of commercial capital are growing. A significant proportion of top entrepreneurs have emerged within the past generation. A second tier of the wealth elite has developed over the past generation from rising property values, financial investments and professional incomes. Although their individual wealth is much less than the corporate elite, their numbers are much greater. The existence of the prospering “1%” and the emergence of the second-tier wealthy may corroborate Acemoglu’s proposition, but there are tensions within the wealth elite which may favour democracy.     

关注民生 优化税收制度

党的十七大特别关注民生问题,在报告中明确提出了我们党关于民生问题的努力方向——"使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居,推动建设和谐社会。"关注民生,优化税制,建立科学、公平、效率的税收制度,是以人为本,坚持科学发展观的具体体现,是新时期税收的一项重大任务,税收必须为全面建设小康社会,构建和谐社会做贡献。关注民生,应改革个人所得税、消费税,建立完善的城乡社会保障体系。     

国有企业职工阶层分化研究--对一家国有企业职工阶层关系的调查和分析

本文在对一家大型国有企业的问卷调查和数据分析的基础上,分析了该企业不同层级职工的经济收入、社会地位、职工对职业稳定性评价等方面的差异.研究了该企业职工阶层分化的特点.提出在国有企业,职工阶层分化的过程已经基本完成.在新的阶层关系下认识工人阶级的地位和作用是我们面临的又一课题.     

Social Inequality and the Perceived Income Justice Gap

This paper attempts to answer the question whether justice evaluations of income inequality in a society are determined more by country differences or by the social position an observer occupies. In very general terms what we study is whether, in shaping justice beliefs, cultural factors are more important than social-structural ones, or vice versa. In view of transformation societies, country differences are conflated with differences in the transformation processes the countries are experiencing. This is why we distinguish different types of transmations with regard to the postcommunist countries of Eastern and Central Europe testing empirically whether these transformation types exert influence on the justice beliefs, and how this influence compares to that of positional effects. With International Social Justice Project (ISJP) data of 1991 and 1996, we study the Czech Republic, Hungary, Russia, Bulgaria, East Germany, and—as a western referent society—West Germany. Main results are that in the early phase of transformation the different transformation types as well as social positions matter in shaping justice evaluations, over time, however, the types of transformation clearly lose influence. In 1996, compared to 5 years earlier, the countries have become similar in that most of the variation in the perception of the income justice must now be attributed to the positional differences of individuals. We conclude that the characteristics of the transformation processes decrease in importance for determining public views about social justice. In this respect, the transformation societies of Eastern and Central Europe may well be on the route to becoming more like western societies.