对贫富差距的理性思考

改革开放以来,我国在政治、经济、文化等诸多方面都取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。事实雄辩地证明了改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择,方向和道路是完全正确的,成效和功绩不容否定。但是随着改革的深入,出现了许多深层次的矛盾和问题。本文就我国目前存在的贫富差距问题进行了深入思考,分析了贫富差距产生的诸多原因,阐述了对贫富差距的看法以及缓解贫富差距扩大的措施。     

Accelerating down a Road to Nowhere: On Inventing the Future by Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams

In Inventing the Future, Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams implore those on the left not to fear automation but rather to harness it in order to overturn neoliberalism. However, their argument is built upon a controversial philosophy which goes unnamed in the body of the text: accelerationism, the first principles of which would overthrow the very understanding of human nature on which Western democracy has operated for centuries. Their vision also entails a way of doing politics and designing policy which radically differs from representative democracy and grassroots movements as they seek to engineer consent and to form a revolutionary vanguard—not just to overthrow capitalism, but to embark on a journey of continually re-engineering humanity itself.     

监察法规:一个崭新的法律渊源

自我国设立国家监察委员会以来,一系列新的监察法规也开始制定和实施。虽然监察法规在我国监察活动与法律实践中日益发挥着重要作用,全国人大常委会公布的《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于国家监察委员会制定监察法规的决定》已对其法律地位和效力、制定主体和程序等问题有所涉及,但其可操作性不强,理论依据欠缺,同时其也没有进入学者们研究的视野。故为了回应实践的需要,我们有必要加强监察法规的基础理论研究。揆诸法理,国家监察委员会是监察法规的制定主体。监察法规的法律效力低于宪法和法律、其与行政法规平行,但高于部门规章和司法解释,其与党内法规既有联系也存在区别。为了确保监察法规的权威性和质量,应当严明监察法规的制定程序。     

比较法视野下的国际私法渊源——兼论一般国际惯例不是国际私法的渊源

本文以比较法的视角探讨了国际私法的国内渊源和国际渊源。国内渊源包括国内制定法、国内判例法和国内习惯法,国际渊源主要是双边和多边的国际条约。关于国际习惯是否是国际私法的渊源,本文在对国际习惯和国际惯例加以辨析后指出：只有国际习惯法规则才具有法律约束力,才有可能成为法的渊源;一般国际惯例因不具有法律约束力而绝不可能成为法的渊源,遑论国际私法的渊源。     

城乡居民收入分配现状及其对策的思考

建国以来 ,我党一直在为提高人民的生活水平而努力 ,其中有很多宝贵的经验和深刻的教训 ,特别是 1978年改革开放以来 ,我国居民个人收入总量急剧增加。然而 ,居民收入分配差距也在不断扩大。本文列举了居民收入分配差距不断拉大的几种主要原因 ,并且根据我国收入差距演变的情况 ,提出了适合我国国情的对策 ,以求实现缩小居民收入差距 ,达到共同富裕的目的。     

从邓小平的共同富裕思想看我国现阶段收入差距的扩大

收入差距的扩大已经成为全社会关注的焦点。收入差距的扩大既有其合理的一面,也有不合理的一面。只有对邓小平的共同富裕的思想系统、全面、深刻、准确地把握和理解,才能对该问题有科学的判断和认识。     

¿Cómo recaudar más sin gastar mejor? Sobre las dificultades de incrementar la carga fiscal en México

This article explores how tax revenue can be increased in Mexico, especially through more collection in higher-income sectors. An overview of the Mexican government's capacity to collect taxes is offered before analyzing the reasons why tax revenue has not increased in over more than two decades. A sketch of strategies that the recent Peña Nieto administration could have followed in order to increase tax revenue in a progressive fashion is also provided. One of the article's main arguments is that without more efficient public spending, it will be difficult to collect more taxes permanently, especially in such an open economy, with institutions that are as weak as those in Mexico. Furthermore, in a democracy, there is little public acceptance for more taxes, no matter how progressive they may be, unless the government can provide certainty about more efficient public spending. For these reasons, unless the quality and progressiveness of public spending and tax collection advances, it is even undesirable that the government increase its tax revenue.     

贵阳市拓展农民增收办法研究——以息烽县为例

增加农民收入是"三农"问题的核心,是我国经济建设中一个重要问题。农民增收困难不仅影响农业发展和农民生活,而且严重制约农村购买力的提高,成为扩大内需的重大障碍。解决农民增收问题,事关全局,意义重大。贵阳市如何因地制宜,增加农民收入?本课题以息烽县为例从农民收入现状和增收的对策两个方面进行分析,探讨贵阳市拓展农民增加收入的办法。     

我国中低收入者住房金融的“信贷配给”问题与对策

中低收入者住房融资时也存在着严重的“信贷配给”问题,即商业性金融机构在开展住房金融业务中,倾向于少贷甚至不愿意贷款给中低收入者。这种现象的形成有其内在必然性,原因在于商业性金融机构在贷款给中低收入者时,由于信息不对称很难全面了解中低收入者真实的信用情况,又无有力的风险控制手段确保中低收入者不发生违约行为。为解决此问题,政府重点考虑以下方面：采取措施解决信息不对称问题、完善政策性住房金融体系以及为居民提供低利率的住房资金。     

‘Walking in two worlds’: A qualitative review of income management in Cape York

The Cape York Welfare Reform (CYWR) initiative aims to reduce ‘passive dependence’ on welfare and restore ‘positive social norms’ to revitalise cultural and social networks and support economic engagement in Indigenous communities in the Cape York Region of Australia. Critics of the initiative and, in particular, its income management (IM) policies have associated it with a broader neoliberal reform agenda that delineates social ‘problems’ from their historical and structural context. This paper discusses key qualitative findings from a strategic review of CYWR, paying particular attention to the ways in which Cape York IM (CYIM) straddles both Indigenous and settler social norms, while perpetuating neoliberal conceptualisations of welfare ‘dependency’. We situate these findings within the existing literature on Australia's other IM models and also consider them in relation to subsequent government responses to the review and associated policies. We argue that CYIM represents a unique initiative, the subtle nuances of which have been largely ignored or misunderstood by critics. Further, we conclude that any extension or revision of this initiative should be considered with respect to deep and wide-ranging consultation of the Indigenous communities subject to CYWR. However, such consultation has not been the standard practice in Australian contexts.