动态演化博弈视角下“科技—金融”双轮创新驱动的收益分配机理探析

收益分配是科技创新主体与金融创新主体双方合作的动力和目的。只有准确把握两者的收益分配机理和构建合理的利益分配机制,才能形成双方共享创新收益的分配和激励格局。     

广西贫困地区农民收入倍增计划实现的对策探究

广西农民收入倍增计划实现的关键在于贫困地区农民收入倍增计划的实现通过分析广西贫困地区农民收入倍增计划实现的制约因素，提出应从加强基础设施建设、发展现代农业、提高农民素质、加强制度建设及发展林下经济等方面下功夫，切实提高农民收入。     

Expanding housing choices for the sector popular: Strategies for Mexico

Abstract

By the year 2000, some 40 million people in Mexico will live in settlements commonly called the informal sector. Most will live in houses that they have constructed themselves and that have some infrastructure deficit. To meet their needs, the authors propose a set of demand and supply strategies. Emphasis is placed on the increased use of small group savings programs, the provision of progressive infrastructure, and the creation of housing‐related employment. The supply of low‐cost land must be increased, which will necessitate reforms in the ejido land tenure system. Examples of locally derived, non‐government‐supported betterment programs are presented.

The article concludes by calling on the federal government to create stronger links with the informal sector and to reestablish its role as the supporter of social housing in Mexico.     

RTC's affordable housing program: Reconciling competing goals

Abstract

Congress gave the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) authority to sell modestly valued housing at below‐market prices and with concessionary financing to enable lower income families to become homeowners and to expedite sales. Nonprofits and public agencies seeking to buy properties for occupancy by lower income people also qualified for these favorable terms. Setting a precedent for future housing policy initiatives, Congress conditioned access to this special program on the imposition of permanent low‐income use and affordability restrictions.

This paper considers whether the RTC can reconcile its mandate to maximize preservation of affordable housing with its duty to maximize return on assets and minimize negative impacts on local markets. This issue is addressed through a comparative review of property disposition programs administered by three other federal agencies. The author concludes that the RTC's three goals can be harmonized and suggests criteria for evaluating the RTC's performance in meeting its affordable housing mandate.     

中国与新加坡个人所得税制度的比较与借鉴

文章在纳税人居民与非居民身份的判定标准、税制模式、征税对象、费用扣除、税率的比较等方面对中国与新加坡个人所得税制度进行比较和分析,指出新加坡个人所得税制度的优点对我国的借鉴和启示。     

论垄断对我国职业群体收入的影响及对策

垄断是市场经济的产物,在我国经济转轨过程中,垄断又呈现出其特殊形态,即行政性垄断。行政性垄断行业存在职工工资及其他收入的不合理性现象,又会造成职业群体收入差距过大。行政性垄断已对职业群体利益均衡产生了消极影响,破坏了社会分配秩序。必须通过深化改革、强化竞争机制等措施限制行政性垄断,调整职业群体收入的差距,从而实现社会分配的公平和效益。     

当前我国居民收入分配不公的原因透视及治理对策

透视中国的四次收入分配过程 ,可见 ,市场竞争的初始条件的差异、政府的再分配政策、以及各种违法犯罪活动是形成收入分配不公的主要原因。为此 ,应建立城乡居民最低生活保障制度、完善个人所得税制、扩大就业机会、增加农民收入、支持中西部发展以及加强权力监督和整顿市场秩序等切实可行的对策 ,来解决收入分配不公 ,缩小收入差距 ,确保社会主义市场经济的效率与公平协调统一 ,促进国民经济的健康发展。     

中国共产党的社会主义观探源

走社会主义道路是中国历史和中华民族在近现代反帝反封建革命斗争中的必然选择 ,是实现中华民族伟大复兴的唯一正确和可行的道路。中国共产党是领导中国人民进行社会主义革命和建设的唯一的伟大光荣正确的党。从她诞生的那一天起 ,她就领导着全国人民把马列主义的普遍真理同中国的具体实际相结合 ,就什么是社会主义 ,如何进行社会主义的革命和建设 ,怎样发展社会主义进行了不断的探索与实践 ,形成了有中国特色的社会主义观 ,形成了系统、科学的社会主义理论———毛泽东思想和邓小平理论。     

Broken Promises or Selective Memory Planning? A National Picture of HOPE VI Plans and Realities

Government efforts to redevelop public housing often face a contentious gap between plans and realities. This paper compares 2014 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative data on housing unit counts and unit mixes for all 260 developments receiving Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) revitalization grants with data provided in the original HOPE VI grant award announcements. We find that HUD records undercount approximately 11,500 once-proposed units. The biggest changes were a 29% decline in the number of market-rate units and a 40% decline in homeownership units. The chief shortfall during implementation, therefore, was not with public housing units (although the HOPE VI program as a whole did trigger an overall decline of such units). To help elucidate the dynamics at play when the unit allocation shifts between initial grant award and implemented project, we include a series of five brief case studies that illustrate several types of unit change. Interviews with HUD staff confirm the baseline for record-keeping shifted during implementation once project economic feasibility became clearer; adherence to original unit mix proposals remained secondary. HUD prioritized its accountability to Congress and developers over its public law accountability to build the projects initially proposed to local community residents. Although these changes have sometimes been interpreted as broken promises, it is even clearer that HUD’s monitoring system exemplifies what we call Selective Memory Planning: when planners and policy makers, willfully or not, selectively ignore elements of previous plans in favor of new plans that are easier to achieve.     

The Case for a Participation Income: Acknowledging and Valuing the Diversity of Social Participation

Anthony Atkinson's idea of a participation income draws attention to the various ways in which people contribute to society. Current discussions on social participation go beyond paid work to include volunteering, education, and caregiving to kin. With the idea of the participation income, various forms of contribution can be highlighted and acknowledged. This article investigates how the idea of a participation income is reflected in Danish, Finnish, German and Dutch social policies. It shows that different elements of a participation income are incorporated in active labour market policies: Denmark adopted a narrow focus on paid work; Finland seeks tailor‐made solutions for the long‐term unemployed; Germany reformed many policy areas to achieve a better activation; and the Netherlands acknowledges a wide range of social participation forms. These country differences highlight that governments can adapt the idea of a participation income to achieve the focus they desire.