Independent regulatory agencies in Turkey: are they really autonomous?

This article examines the autonomy of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in Turkey. It explores, first, the different factors that have led to the creation of IRAs and second, the legislative basis of their formal or de jure autonomy. Thereafter, the article assesses the extent to which this formal autonomy is really put in practice and how it is perceived by board members. The enquiry was conducted through a survey comprising interviews and a questionnaire applied to the same. It concludes that although formal autonomy is satisfactorily provided for by law, government tends to limit this autonomy through secondary legislation. Consequently, there are some constraints on the actual use of autonomy. Concerning de facto autonomy, survey findings show that boards are exposed to external and internal pressures and interference in their deliberations. Thus, the assumption that ‘the greater the autonomy the more efficient the management’ is questioned. The main sources of pressure on board members are from the regulated sectors themselves. These findings have an important bearing on democracy and the political–administrative interface, as it is confronted by market forces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

犯罪学的独立性与犯罪学学科的独立性——论犯罪学学科的抽象化和科学化

犯罪学与犯罪学学科是不同的两种事物,二者的独立性条件不同。犯罪学独立与否取决于社会的需要;犯罪学学科的独立与否取决于研究力度。犯罪学学科的依赖性不能够成为否定犯罪学独立的理由。犯罪学学科的独立条件有赖于进行犯罪学学科建设。哲学化和科学化是犯罪学学科建设的必经之路。     

现代公司治理内部监督模式的立法选择

现代公司治理内部监督模式最具代表性的有两种:一是美国单层制董事会的独立董事监督模式,一是德国双层制董事会的监事会监督模式。我国在建构股份公司治理内部监督模式方面,应借鉴法国的立法思路采任选制,即允许章程自由选择美国独立董事监督模式或德国监事会监督模式,并在各自模式基础之上进行科学的制度建构。唯有如此,方能建立起与世界接轨的现代公司监督机制,真正有效实现我国公司治理之目标。     

独联体国家法院系统比较研究

在独联体国家中,政治体制不同的国家宪法文本中规定的内容则有很大的区别。对独联体国家中的政治体制不同的几个国家的法院系统在宪法文本规定层面上作一比较研究,通过对各国法院系统的结构、职权,法官的职责、权利、地位以及司法权和其他与司法相关的权利方面等方面进行的比较可发现这些比较研究对我国当今的司法制度有多方面的启示。     

台湾地区的刑事卷宗制度及其借鉴意义

台湾地区通过审前程序中的权力制约和权利保障来保障卷宗信息的全面、可靠。传闻证据规则的确立和庭审中心的奉行,有效地保障了被告的诘问权和实体真实的发现。台湾刑事卷宗制度的借鉴意义在于:刑事卷宗制度不能废除;应当在四个方面对大陆的刑事卷宗制度进行正当化改造。     

独立董事法律问题研究

In order to avoid independent directors from being against minority shareholders, and urging them to play the role of checking up big shareholders and insiders with full power in listed companies, the rules for independent directors shall be amended gradually. Currently, the reform on the independent director regime shall be made in some aspects. First, the positions of independent directors shall be held by qualified professionals; Second, independent directors shall pass the exam for such posts; Third, independent directors shall take full-time jobs; Fourth, the firms of independent directors shall be established with limited partnership liability; Fifth, independent directors shall undertake joint liabilities. Guan Xiaofeng, professor of School of Civil and Commercial and Economic Laws, China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL). He is also an arbitrator of China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Committee (CIETAC). He has engaged in teaching and research on civil and commercial laws for a long term, and written a monograph of Introduction to Financial Law. Moreover, he has released over 40 academic papers in respect of commercial, financial and contract law.     

有效推行独立董事制度的法律思考

独立董事制度特有的价值目标使独立董事必须具备独立性、客观公正性、公司整体利益的代表性。在我国引入独立董事制度,除了要确保独立董事的独立性外,必须建立完善的独立董事激励机制和责任机制,充分调动独立董事的积极性,督促其尽职尽责,更好地行使监督权。     

与大部门共生的独立机构——以贸促机构为例

本文以西方发达国家(地区)贸易促进机构为具体案例,说明在西方行政管理体制改革的过程中,负责执行政府政策或法律、负责监管的独立机构所体现出来的公共治理结构中的多元化、社会化和市场化的趋势。这些独立机构和负责决策的大部门相互分工,相辅相成,共同构成政府公共管理和服务的主体。此外,本文提出在完善我国大部制的过程中,有必要不遗余力地推进独立机构的建设,并且通过对我国贸促机构的分析,提出可以以贸促机构作为我国建立独立机构的试点。     

以自主创新促进国民经济又好又快发展

创新型国家的实践昭示，创新对于经济增长的贡献率与日俱增，以创新依靠型取代资源依赖型增长模式业已成为发展路径的必然选择。资源性约束与增长模式惯性成为中国国民经济又好又快发展的巨大障碍：人均资源短缺，资源消耗量大，产出效率比较低。从广义的创新主体视域观之，首先应树立全社会致力于自主创新的自信心，妥善处理政府与企业的互动关系，充分发挥政府对于自主创新的主导作用，以及大力发挥企业作为自主创新的主体作用，最终实现我国经济发展模式由要素驱动型向创新驱动型的嬗变。