加强独立学院学生组织建设——以山西大学商务学院为例

学生组织作为“学生第二课堂”中培养学生成才与成长的重要阵地,是培养大学生团队意识,提高其自身综合素质的重要载体。但在实际的发展过程中,山西大学商务学院学生组织存在管理制度不完善、人员流动性较大、忽视团队精神建设等问题。因此,我们要通过以下途径加强学生组织建设：一是建立健全有效的管理制度;二是激发成员的积极性、主动性,改变人员流失现象;三是加强沟通,增强整体协作意识;四是加强团队精神建设,帮助团队建立共同的价值观。     

BUREAUCRATS AS PURCHASERS OF HEALTH SERVICES: LIMITATIONS OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR FOR CONTRACTING

Contracting out of health services increasingly involves a new role for governments as purchasers of services. To date, emphasis has been on contractual outcomes and the contracting process, which may benefit from improvements in developing countries, has been understudied. This article uses evidence from wide scale NGO contracting in Pakistan and examines the performance of government purchasers in managing the contracting process; draws comparisons with NGO managed contracting; and identifies purchaser skills needed for contracting NGOs. We found that the contracting process is complex and government purchasers struggled to manage the contracting process despite the provision of well‐designed contracts and guidelines. Weaknesses were seen in three areas: (i) poor capacity for managing tendering; (ii) weak public sector governance resulting in slow processes, low interest and rent seeking pressures; and (iii) mistrust between government and the NGO sector. In comparison parallel contracting ventures managed by large NGOs generally resulted in faster implementation, closer contractual relationships, drew wider participation of NGOs and often provided technical support. Our findings do not dilute the importance of government in contracting but front the case for an independent purchasing agency, for example an experienced NGO, to manage public sector contracts for community based services with the government role instead being one of larger oversight. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高校自主招生改革试行十年的回顾和展望

从全面回顾高校自主招生改革实施十年的角度,系统梳理了我国高校自主招生改革在引领社会观念转变、落实高校办学自主权、促进素质教育实施、推动人才选拔机制改革等方面的积极作用,同时深入剖析了改革存在的公平性、定位和操作偏差、成本偏重和增加负担等问题。在此基础上,结合对教育部自主招生“指导意见”文件精神的解读,提出了对当前和今后一个时期深化自主招生改革政策走向的预测,以及建立和完善相关配套体制机制的设想。     

我国民办学校董事会制度的缺陷及完善——从中外比较的视角分析？

本文从董事会的成员构成、董事任职资格和董事义务等方面比较分析了美、日、欧洲和我国台湾等国家和地区的私立学校董事会的制度和经验,分析了我国民办学校董事会的现状及其存在的主要问题,并以此为基础,对我国民办学校董事会的人员构成、董事会会议制度和董事的义务与责任等制度的建设和完善提出了相关建议。     

Educational policy of the German Bundesverfassungsgericht

This article analyses the jurisdiction of the German Federal Constitution Court over the basic rights of parents, pupils and private schools and the traditional interpretation of the term “supervision of schools by the state” in Art. 7 para 1 Grundgesetz. The term “school supervision by the state” is traditionally interpretated as the state's absolute rights with regard to organisation, planning, control and supervision of schools. The author argues for a new interpretation to limit such supervision to the question of the legality of school activities. Parents should have a free choice between private and state schools. For this it is necessary to give subsidies to private schools in a way that every pupil can enter a school without differentiation according to the social standards or the income of their parents. With these principles in mind, the German Federal Constitution Court tried in 1987 in exemplary fashion to harmonise the constitutional claim and the constitutional reality. However, its recent decisions cast doubt upon this positive assessment. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

自主创新的风险控制与效率提高

影响企业自主创新活动的动力有两个因素:一是企业对创新活动的纯收益率预期,二是企业开展创新活动的风险。创新活动的风险包括市场风险、制度风险和技术风险。企业创新活动的风险大小主要决定于两个因素,一是其创新活动在科学技术领域中的定位即创新定位的准确性,二是相同或类似创新项目在企业间的竞争激烈程度。应采取建立有效的创新投资鼓励机制、降低市场风险与政策风险、建立产学研创新连动机制、完善企业内部创新组织体系等措施,提高企业的自主创新活动效率。     

从惩罚到激励:公司法实施机制探微

为了促进公司法实体规则的实施,立法者除了需要重视法律责任和惩罚措施的运用之外,还应当建立各种激励机制,即以经济利益的给付、道德声誉的褒奖、相关权利的优先享有以及法律责任的豁免为手段来促使公司及其参与人主动遵守法律。因为激励机制在解决共益权行使的集体行动问题以及义务规则的非标准化问题等方面具有不可替代的作用,而且激励机制的运用还有助于把公司法的公共实施转化为私人实施,进而降低法律实施的成本。