也谈五尺道的开通及其对西南夷地区社会发展的影响

作者认为上古五尺道的开通,可以追溯到春秋战国时期蜀、楚对川滇黔边区的争夺和开发。到了秦国夺取巴蜀以至汉代,五尺道的开通才进入了大规模的拓展延伸阶段。与此同时,先秦两汉间巴蜀人的南向发展,以及秦汉政府在政治、军事、经贸、文化、移民和对外交通采取的举措,最后是导致西南夷地区从此成为秦汉多民族统一国家的重要组成部分,并给当地社会的发展进步带来了十分积极而深远的影响。     

Which trademarks are detrimental to socialist morals or customs or have other unhealthy influences according to Chinese trademark law？

The paper at hand analyses how the Chinese Trademark Office （CTMO） and the Chinese Trademark and Adjudication Board （TRAB） implement Article 10 cipher 8 paragraph 1 of the Chinese trademark law. This provision prohibits the use-and hence the registration-of certain words and devices as trademarks which are ＂detrimental to socialist morals or customs＂ or ＂have other unhealthy influences＂. The paper primarily intends to concretize this open-end provision for practitioners by giving examples of signs which have been rejected by the competent authorities in the past but may also deliver some amusing insights into Chinese conventions for Non-Chinese readers.     

第三代政治传播及其对政治的影响

以新媒介的崛起为标志,第三代政治传播成为影响政治生活的重要力量。它颠覆了传统的权力关系,使政治生活变得更加复杂。认识和把握第三代政治传播及其基本特征,分析第三代政治传播对现代政治的影响,有利于更好地运作政治权力,促进政治发展,维护社会稳定。第三代政治传播的主要特征表现为：政治传播媒介立体化发展、政治传播深刻影响政治关系、政治传播职业化发展、政治活动营销化、政治传播互动性增强等。第三代政治传播深刻影响着政治的诸多方面,包括对政治体系的影响,对政治过程的影响,政治生活的娱乐化,使西方民主政治经历了一个螺旋式的循环过程等。     

论单位制的社会功能对社区建设的负影响

社区建设是我国社会发展的必然产物 ,但在我国 ,根深蒂固的单位制对其有着不可忽视的负面影响。只有正确认识 ,才能有针对性地更好地利用企事业单位这一社区建设的最大资源 ,进而使企事业单位在社区建设中受益 ,形成良性互动 ,加快社区建设的步伐。     

A Longitudinal Investigation of the Development of Weight and Muscle Concerns Among Preadolescent Boys

The study examined the impact of body mass index (BMI), negative affect, self-esteem, and sociocultural influences in the development of weight and muscle concerns among preadolescent boys. Body dissatisfaction, importance placed on weight and muscles, weight loss strategies, and strategies to increase muscles were evaluated. Participants were 237 boys aged between 8 and 11 years who were tested at three assessment periods 8 months apart. The main predictor of boys’ body change strategies was their perceived pressures to modify weight and muscles from parents, peers, and the media. The other main predictor of boys’ body change strategies and the sole predictor of body dissatisfaction was BMI. Self-esteem and negative affect were found to be weak and generally nonsignificant predictors of boys’ body image concerns and body change strategies. Additional studies that examine the risk and protective factors associated with boys’ weight and muscle concerns are needed to assist in the development of prevention programs for preadolescent boys.Lina Ricciardelli is an Associate Professor at Deakin University. She received her PhD in 1990 from the University of Adelaide, Australia. Her research interests are body image concerns, disordered eating and substance abuse among youth.Marita McCabe is a Professor at Deakin University. She received her PhD in 1981 from Macquarie University, Australia. Her research interests are in body image across the lifespan, sexuality, and chronic illnessJess Lillis is graduate student at Deakin University, She completed her undergraduate work in 2000 at Deakin University, Her research interests are body image concerns and negative affect among youthResearch Fellow at Deakin University, She received her D Psych in 2000 from Deakin University, Her interests are in disordered eating and depression among adolescents     

Social-Demographic,School, Neighborhood,and Parenting Influences on the Academic Achievement of Latino Young Adolescents

Using data from a national sample of 388 Latino young adolescents, this study identified the social-demographic characteristics, influences in the broader social environment, and parenting practices that predict youth academic achievement. Youths who were Mexican American, older, and had an English language problem had lower levels of reading and mathematics achievement. Youths of mothers who began childbearing at older ages, had higher levels of intellectual abilities, and reported no English language problem scored better on both types of achievement tests, but poverty was related only to reading achievement. Attendance in higher-rated schools was associated with higher reading and mathematics scores, but residence in better quality neighborhoods was related only to reading achievement. Three parenting practices—providing cognitive stimulation, parent–youth conflict, and academic involvement—predicted both types of achievement. The effect of poverty on reading achievement was explained by residence in lower quality neighborhoods, lower levels of cognitive stimulation, and parent–youth conflict.Associate Professor, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Received PhD in Social Welfare from the University of Wisconsin – Madison. Research interests include examining the effects of poverty and other risk factors on the well-being of children, adolescents, and families.     

Merging with the metals: an analysis of the role micro-political relationships played in the merger of the Printing and Kindred Industries Union with the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union

ABSTRACT

In the spring of 1987, the Printing and Kindred Industries Union (PKIU), Federal Executive Committee, reluctantly concluded that membership decline and the resultant fall in income meant that the union needed to find an amalgamation partner. In common with many Australian unions, which felt similarly compelled to merge, there was initially a lack of consensus over a preferred merger partner. In most other unions these disagreements were eventually resolved, an amalgamation deal negotiated, and membership endorsement of the merger secured. This was not the case in the PKIU. Instead the union remained in intense internal conflict, throughout the seven-year amalgamation process. Scholars have suggested that the PKIU’s amalgamation fissures were caused by political, economic, industrial and institutional disagreements. Other authors have gone further and argue that dramatic shifts in the PKIU’s and other unions amalgamation policies, during the 1980s and 1990s, were the result of alterations in the strengths of different internal political factions, or the rejection of a union’s merger policy by the membership. This article, while accepting that political, economic, industrial and institutional factors all influenced the PKIU’s internal debate, puts forward an alternative hypothesis. It asserts that micro-political factors, specifically personal animosities, friendships and loyalties, played a significant role in determining the eventual choice of an amalgamation partner, and the contrasting results of its two merger ballots.     

Parental Aspirations for Their Children’s Educational Attainment: Relations to Ethnicity,Parental Education,Children’s Academic Performance,and Parental Perceptions of School Climate

This study examined parental aspirations for their children’s educational attainment in relation to ethnicity (African American, Asian, Caucasian, Hispanic), parental education, children’s academic performance, and parental perceptions of the quality and climate of their children’s school with a sample of 13,577 middle and high school parents. All parents had relatively high educational aspirations for their children, and within each ethnic subgroup, parental education and children’s academic performance were significantly and positively related to parental aspirations. However, moderating effects were found such that Caucasian parents with lower levels of education had significantly lower educational aspirations for their children than did parents of other ethnicities with similar low levels of education. Although the strength of the relationship between parental perceptions of school-related factors and parental aspirations for their children’s educational attainment was not strong, it was most predictive of non-Caucasian parental aspirations for their children.

网络与青少年社会化

在高度信息化的时代 ,网络不仅深入到社会生活的各个领域 ,对人们的社会生活方式、互动方式也产生着深刻的影响。作为一种新的社会化环境条件 ,它对青少年社会化产生的影响不容忽视。正面影响 :青少年可以通过网络学习文化知识、掌握生活技能 ;网络所创造的虚拟社会给青少年提供了扮演社会角色的实践空间 ;提高了青少年社会化的自主性。负面影响 :网络中的不健康内容会对青少年的社会化产生极大危害 ;网络世界的非现实性会造成青少年对观实社会的认同危机 ;青少年对网络世界的过分迷恋 ,会对他们社会化过程中完美人格的培养产生不利影响 ;网络中传播的内容会导致青少年社会化过程中的认知偏差     

数学为研究法律科学提供了新视角

数学对法律文化有着深远影响,定量的数学分析方法是法学研究的新视角,比如在法的经济学分析、法律的博弈分析、法制系统研究及司法实践等方面,数学方法的运用成为研究法学理论和实践问题的新手段。说明在法学领域应用数学,可以丰富法学的研究方法,拓展法学研究领域,增强法律研究的科学性。