构建境外就业促进机制拓宽就业渠道

我国大陆劳动力供给远远超过劳动力需求。积极拓展境外就业、谋求国际劳务合作是缓解就业压力、增加劳动者收入、缩小贫富差距、促进经济发展的一条重要渠道。当前,拓展境外就业应尽快提高对外劳务合作的技术含量,大力发展技术劳务输出;制订“境外就业保障和促进法”,保障境外就业者权益;改革劳务输出管理体制,成立“境外就业促进局”,建立“一站式”境外就业服务;设立“促进境外就业保障基金”;加速境外劳务市场的自动化、信息化建设,以境外就业的信息化建设促进境外就业的规模扩大和质量提高。     

推进我国城市化进程中的几个问题

推进城市化是我国现代化建设必须完成的历史任务。我国城镇化推进应保证一定的速度,城镇化与产业结构调整、就业结构变化应当保持协调,城镇化过程中应当平衡城镇布局,并充分发挥政府的作用以使城市化达到预期的目标。     

The Legal Protection for China's Flexible Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a chain of socioeconomic effects worldwide. China’s social and economic operations and labor market have also been suffered because of this global crisis. During hard times, flexible employment becomes an important means for stabilizing employment. However, the pandemic also exposed the problems ensuing from insufficient legal protection for flexible workers. First, there are some gaps and defects in the labor and social security laws in terms of their scope and applicability to flexible workers. Second, there were limitations in the support and protection policies for flexible workers at the early stages of the pandemic. Although the government implemented measures soon after the outbreak of COVID-19, their role is still constrained by the legal lacunae in protecting flexible workers. As flexible employment will continue to play a significant role in China’s labor market, the State Council issued a far-reaching official document in July 28, 2020 to support it. This document indicates the directions for providing better legal protection for flexible workers, which contains expanding the legal scope and enriching the legal protection. Based on the realities and latest policies, the legal protection for flexible workers should be systemically improved in the future.     

State retrenchment and informal institutions in Kazakhstan: people's perceptions of informal reciprocity in the healthcare sector

Despite government efforts, post-independence Kazakhstan has largely failed to provide high-quality medical services to its population. State retrenchment in the public healthcare system has led to the deterioration of medical service delivery. It has provided incentives for people to widely use informal reciprocal exchanges – personal connections and informal monetary and non-monetary payments – to gain access to better medical care. In contrast to the existing explanations focusing mostly on the cultural origin of the continuity of informal exchanges, I argue that state retrenchment from the social sphere and under-provision of state goods and services have perpetuated informal exchanges in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. Despite similarities in informal practices between Soviet and post-independence Kazakhstan, some important differences in terms of scope and the nature of informal exchanges are observed. This article draws on data collected from interviews, textual analysis, and original surveys of people's attitudes towards the healthcare system and informal help conducted in Kazakhstan in 2011 and 2013.     

RACIALLY HOMOPHILOUS SOCIAL TIES AND INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL

Social disorganization theory argues that racial/ethnic heterogeneity is a key neighborhood characteristic leading to social disorganization and, consequently, higher levels of crime. Heterogeneity's effect is argued to be a result of its fragmentation of social ties along racial/ethnic lines, which creates racially homophilous social networks with few ties bridging racial/ethnic groups. Most studies of social ties in social disorganization models, however, have examined their quantity and left unaddressed the extent to which ties are within or across different racial groups. This study goes beyond previous studies by examining the effects of both racially homophilous and interracial friendship networks on informal social control. Using multilevel models and data from 66 neighborhoods with approximately 2,300 respondents, we found that heterogeneity actually increased the average percentage of residents with interracial friendship networks, but the percentage of residents with interracial networks decreased the likelihood of informal social control. In contrast, the percentage of residents with White racially homophilous networks increased the likelihood of informal social control. Examining the microcontext of individuals’ networks, however, we found residents with interracial ties reported higher likelihoods of informal social control and that this effect was enhanced in neighborhoods with higher percentages of non‐White racially homophilous networks.     

Corruption and marketization: Formal and informal rules in Chinese public procurement

The relationship between market liberalization and corruption has attracted scholarly attention in recent years. Conventional wisdom holds that increased economic marketization reduces corruption. China, however, provides evidence to the contrary; corruption has grown as its market‐oriented reforms progress. This paradoxical co‐development of the market and corruption begs the intriguing questions of how corruption has survived marketization and what explains the failure of government regulation. Extending the conceptual framework of institutional theory about formal and informal rules, and using public procurement in China as an example, this article shows that formal tendering rules and regulations may be modified, circumvented, or replaced by informal ones which facilitate corruption. The article identifies four corruption schemes through which procurement actors may distort competition processes and mechanisms under the guise of formal rules. Consequently, public procurement in China displays the structural outlook of market competition, but not its essential substance.     

略论大学生择业应具备的心理品质

大学生在双向选择的就业过程中,保持良好的心理状态,确立合理的就业目标,承认客观现实,主动适应社会,克服各种心理障碍,在挫折面前自强不息,以积极向上的心态进取不止,就会在择业的道路上实现自己理想的就业目标.     

高校毕业生就业市场拓展的探索与实践

高校毕业生就业工作是社会关注的热点,是高校人才培养和办学水平的综合体现。其工作质量和效果是检验和反馈学校教育教学质量的重要指标。随着我国高等教育改革的不断深化,高校毕业生的就业形势发生了极大的变化。近年来高校毕业生就业形势日趋严峻,毕业生就业工作中亦暴露出不少问题。对此,我们必须认真分析目前高校毕业生就业市场的现状以及用人单位的选人标准,以期为高校毕业生就业市场的开拓提供切实有效的措施。     

就业调控法若干理论问题探析

随着我国就业形势的日益严峻,保证充分就业逐渐成为我国政府所肩负的一个长期与艰巨的任务,促进就业立法也进入全国人大的立法议程以及成为全社会的关注焦点。相比之下,对于就业调控法的理论问题的探讨,却一直没有引起法学界的重视。因此,对就业调控法的概念与调整对象、性质与定位、与劳动法的关系、基本原则以及体系等等基本理论的探析,应是一个经济法研究,尤其是宏观调控法研究中必须面对的任务。     

论劳动关系法律调整的理性化扩张

随着社会经济的发展,劳动关系呈现出多元化的发展格局,而我国现行劳动法对劳动关系范围的厘定过于狭窄,致使许多新型劳动关系无法获得劳动法的全面保护,极大地制约了劳动力市场健康有序的发展,应对其法律调整作出理性化的扩张。