论法院调解保密原则

调解保密性是现代社会法院调解程序发展的内在要求。调解保密性包括调解程序保密性和调解信息保密性。我国关于调解保密性的规定主要关注调解程序的保密性,但调解保密性更要求调解信息保密性。明确调解信息保密性的含义,合理规制＂调解保密信息＂的范围,建构多元化的调解保密适用方式,是多元化纠纷解决机制稳健运行的重要前提。     

DOES WHAT POLICE DO AT HOT SPOTS MATTER? THE PHILADELPHIA POLICING TACTICS EXPERIMENT*

Policing tactics that are proactive, focused on small places or groups of people in small places, and tailor specific solutions to problems using careful analysis of local conditions seem to be effective at reducing violent crime. But which tactics are most effective when applied at hot spots remains unknown. This article documents the design and implementation of a randomized controlled field experiment to test three policing tactics applied to small, high‐crime places: 1) foot patrol, 2) problem‐oriented policing, and 3) offender‐focused policing. A total of 81 experimental places were identified from the highest violent crime areas in Philadelphia (27 areas were judged amenable to each policing tactic). Within each group of 27 areas, 20 places were randomly assigned to receive treatment and 7 places acted as controls. Offender‐focused sites experienced a 42 percent reduction in all violent crime and a 50 percent reduction in violent felonies compared with their control places. Problem‐oriented policing and foot patrol did not significantly reduce violent crime or violent felonies. Potential explanations of these findings are discussed in the contexts of dosage, implementation, and hot spot stability over time.     

TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF POLITICIZED POLICING ATTITUDES: CONFLICTED CONSERVATISM AND SUPPORT FOR POLICE USE OF FORCE

America is in the midst of an extraordinary public debate about police policy. “Conflicted conservatives,” who are symbolically conservative but operationally liberal, may have a disproportionate influence on policy making. Specifically, conflicted conservatives may be more likely to vote across party lines because they attend more to utilitarian concerns about social conditions and government performance than to symbolic issues. Prior criminological research, however, typically has treated conservatives as a homogenous group. We use data from the General Social Survey to explore the extent and correlates of global and situational support for police use of force among conflicted conservatives and other political groups. The findings from logistic regression models estimated with two analytic samples (N = 11,119 and 2,069) indicate that conflicted conservatives’ attitudes about police use of force are distinct from those of “consistent conservatives” who are both symbolically and operationally conservative, but do not reflect a unique consideration of utilitarian concerns over symbolic beliefs. Two other notable findings emerged: 1) Racial attitudes predicted support for police use of excessive force invariably across political groups and 2) public support for excessive force increased substantially during the first decade of the twenty‐first century, sharply contrasting trends in general punitive sentiment.     

The point break effect: an examination of surf,crime, and transitory opportunities

Opportunity theories of crime suggest that crime is highly specific and concentrated in time and space. Using these theories as a framework, this paper seeks to examine the transitory nature of crime. This hypothesis was tested using data from a coastal city in California to examine the relationship between surf conditions (measured at five daily time points) and number of crime incidents (n = 16,075). Crime totals were aggregated at the street segment level (n = 4551) for each day in 2011. These data were modeled using a series of panel negative binomial models, clustered by census block group. The findings suggest that surf conditions had an effect on the likelihood of crime incidents, but these effects were time specific. Favorable surf conditions were associated with increases in crime only between 2:30 pm and 5:29 pm. Additionally, locations closer to surf spots were associated with more crime, relative to locations farther away. Closer examination of micro-geographies aids in understanding how systematic shifts in routine activities affect the frequency and location of crime, and allows crime prevention to be more specialized and efficient. Adding to the extant understanding of hot times and opportunity structures will enable more effective allocation of resources and predictive policing efforts.     

GIS supporting intelligence-led policing

Tightening budgets and increased demand for public accountability has placed additional stress on already limited police department resources. Web-based crime mapping provides significant improvement over previous methods of information dissemination, allowing police departments to continue to work quickly and efficiently within these limitations. This modern technology has enabled a more proactive approach to policing, including intelligence led-policing and public facing crime maps. As such, officers are now able to better consider spatial patterns related to historic crime, and determine more informedly where crimes may occur in the future, and allocate their limited resources accordingly.     

“Just Being Mean to Somebody Isn’t a Police Matter”: Police Perspectives on Policing Cyberbullying

Increasing public awareness of cyberbullying, coupled with several highly publicized youth suicides linked to electronic bullying, have led lawmakers and politicians to consider new criminal legislation specifically related to cyberbullying. However, little is known about how the police currently respond to cyberbullying, and it is not clear whether new laws are necessary. In this article, the authors draw upon in-depth interviews with Canadian street patrol officers and school resource officers to explore police perspectives on policing cyberbullying. In contrast to the reactive hard-line approach proposed in much legislation and public discussion, police officers prefer to take a preventative approach by educating youth and raising awareness about the dangers of digital communications. Although there are instances when criminal charges must be laid, these incidents transcend “bullying,” a term that has little legal meaning for police officers.     

关于提高警务技能有效性训练的几点探讨

当前公安工作对敌斗争的尖锐性日益显露,各种新型暴力事件和犯罪活动频发,公安机关在打击犯罪和处置各类事件中面临着巨大的挑战。从近几年全国公安民警因公伤亡人数和各种案例中,暴露出部分公安民警在警务技能和战术等方面确实存在着明显的不足,训练脱离实战现象仍然突出。如何提高民警警务技能有效训练,增强警务实战技能,贴近实战,提高训练质量,尽可能地缩小训练与实战的差距是公安院校面临的现实课题。     

谈警务实训中系列情境模拟训练的组织与实施

文章首先根据组织与实施形式的不同，对警务实战情景训练进行了系统的分类。在此基础之上．详细阐述了系列情景模拟训练的组织与实施过程中的情景设计、布置案情、控制训练进程、总结讲评等几个主要环节的方法与技巧运用。最后．文章提出了组织系列情景模拟训练应注意的几个问题。     

网络时代信息安全问题浅析

随着网络技术的发展,网络的开放性、共享性、互联程度不断提高,网络的重要性和对社会的影响越来越大,网络信息的安全问题显得越来越重要。网络信息的安全是指:信息的可靠性、可用性、保密性和完整性。     

消除信息不对称 深化企业民主管理

企业产业结构调整,使企业的人际关系出现了种种不协调现象,在一定程度上影响了企业和社会的稳定.其中的原因之一,用经济学原理来解释就是信息不对称,即企业的管理者一方掌握较多的信息,而职工一方掌握的信息则较少.解决好信息不对称问题,可以为企业民主管理寻找到一条新路子.