信息产权理论与知识产权制度之正当性

知识产权的客体知识产品可以被看成是一种无形的信息。这种信息的生产对社会具有极为重要的意义。从信息产权的理论看,建立知识产权制度的合理性应当解决新信息的足够生产、信息的消费者(用户)对信息的足够而合理的分享,以及信息专有与信息自由和分享矛盾的调适等问题。知识产权制度通过一系列制度设计和安排特别是其中的利益平衡机制,妥善地解决了信息产权理论上信息垄断与信息分享之间的悖论,从而使其存在和运行具有充分的正当性。     

论推进国家审计市场化进程的必要性及相关政策建议

国家审计作为政府强化监督、提高国民经济效益的重要手段,其市场化进程对于国民经济影响巨大。信息不对称理论与三体定向博弈均衡理论是国家审计市场化改革的理论依据,国家审计的市场化改革已是势在必行。     

高等院校网上信息安全的防范

全国高等院校办公及文档上网工程中潜在的不安全因素,应采取措施解决网上安全问题。     

非对称信息与企业家授权

在利益多元化的条件下 ,信息是非对称的。对企业家的授权存在着两类非对称信息现象。对企业家的授权可以引入非对称信息条件下的激励理论。主要的激励手段是建立健全企业家市场、产品市场和资本市场。     

信息战对战争法的挑战

信息战对传统战争法提出了严峻的挑战。它不仅强烈地冲击了战争法的基本原则,打破了“军事必要”与“避免不必要的痛苦”之间的平衡,使区分原则、比例性原则面临被淘汰的危险,而且对现有的战争法律关系也无情地发起了进攻,使它的主体模糊不定,客体重新组合分化,内容渐渐变异。无预见性立法是战争法目前陷入僵局的重要原因。战争法的发展,尤其是作战法规的调控点永远都应该跟踪战争实践,积极应对信息战     

A randomized experimental study of sharing crime data with citizens: Do maps produce more fear?

The larger roles of the community in crime prevention and improvements in technology have increased police–citizen communication and the distribution of information from police departments to private citizens. Combined, these changes have led to the current movement among law enforcement agencies toward sharing both summary reports and maps of crime with community groups. Although the dissemination of crime information is intended to benefit community members, there is a lack of empirical evidence demonstrating the effects of crime mapping on citizen perceptions and fear of crime. This experiment compared three formats for disseminating crime data; two popular types of crime maps (i.e., graduated symbol and density) and the traditional tabular format of crime statistics. A randomized experimental design was used to measure residents fear of crime and their perception of the safety of different areas of Redlands, CA. Overall, residents who viewed either type of map reported less fear than those who viewed tabular statistics. Respondents who viewed graduated symbol maps consistently reported less fear than either density maps or tabular statistics. However, there were differences depending on the type of map. While graduated symbol maps were associated with the lowest levels of fear of robbery, theft or assault; density maps produced different reactions depending on the area of the city. Finally, the maps did not stigmatize high crime areas of Redlands. Where statistically significant differences existed, respondents who were given maps were more likely to recommend someone move into an area than those who were given tabular statistics.     

信息不对称：对律师违法现象的经济学分析及解决之道

从经济学角度分析 ,律师违法现象很大程度上根源于当事人与律师之间的信息不对称。律师滥用信息优势 ,不仅损害了当事人利益 ,甚至危及整个律师行业。解决之道在于 :加强律师信息公开 ,完善信息传递方式 ,提高当事人的信息获取能力     

论我国警察制度再次创新的理论支点及实现途径

社区警务战略虽然在警察哲学与警务改革等诸多领域改变着传统,在打击犯罪与促进警察自身队伍建设方面取得了巨大成就,但存在着许多不足与局限性,诸如缺乏现实操作性、长效性不明显、公众热情无法持久、弱化了警察核心职能等。在这种背景下,新公共行政管理,如公共服务的契约外包、民营化等理念成为世界范围内的警察乃至我国警察制度再次创新的理论基础,新公共行政管理的核心特征已深深融入警察机关的管理结构,产生了警察行政的“优化管理实践”的许多新原则、紧缩与分权理念及私有化与竞争理念。     

“Untouchable” cellphones? Old caste exclusions and new digital divides in peri-urban Bangalore

This paper presents a fresh perspective on the complicated relationship between digital communication technologies and historically disadvantaged castes such as Dalits in peri-urban Bangalore (Bengaluru), India, a city popularly perceived as India’s “Silicon Valley.” Based on interviews with Dalit household members, entrepreneurs, and political activists, the study examines whether mobile phones have been insufficiently harnessed by Dalits in the region to overcome historic deprivation, or whether they may have even assisted in the reinforcement of caste-based exclusion. The paper uses oral histories and draws from feminist perspectives on technology to demonstrate how the contemporary socio-technological outcomes among Dalits in peri-urban south Bangalore is a result of a convergence between three elements – the durability of caste in peri-urban metropolitan India, the social construction of the usage of information communication technologies (ICTs), and myopia in the conventional understanding of the digital divide in India. In the process of disentangling this convergence, the paper offers a new perspective on the relationship between caste, ICTs, and development policy. The paper ultimately argues for a re-examination of the idea of a digital divide and the development assumption that access to new technologies will further positive development outcomes.