科技法制体系及其重点领域的构建与完善

科技法制体系是我们防范科技的负面作用,实现科技与人、社会和生态环境协调发展的基本保障。构建和完善我国的科技法制体系应着重从指导原则。法律构架和实施重点几个方面入手,既要重视科技法制体系的整体建设,又要重点加强对信息科技和生物科技等主要科技发展领域的法律构建及法律监控。     

The Right to a Healthy Environment,Human Rights andSustainable Development

The concept of sustainable development is presented as a solution able to cope with development needs and the preservation of the environment, protecting it for present and future generations. The right to a healthy environment may be part of existing international law being implemented through human rights instruments. The procedural aspect of the right to a healthy environment embodies the right to information, the right to participate and the right to effective remedies. Participation in the decision-making process and available and effective means of redress are essential features of the right to a healthy environment. Expressed in the field of human rights law, these principles convey the notions that citizens are entitle to participate. The Aarhus Convention links environmental protection and human rights norms and is the first international legally binding instrument elaborating on Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration and recognizing the right to a healthy environment.     

信息经济条件下的知识产权保护

信息经济的迅速发展对传统的知识产权理论提出了巨大的挑战。本文分别从著作权、商标法和专利权三个方面进行考察 ,运用理论联系实际的方法分析了信息经济对知识产权的具体影响 ,并在此基础上结合国际经验与我国具体国情提出了信息经济条件下加强知识产权保护的基本思路。     

浅议医疗环境下的个人信息保护与利用

随着信息社会的发展及人们法律意识的提高,患者个人信息保护理所当然地得到社会各界的肯定,但对如何适度利用才能促进医药开发、病例研究以及保证公共安全等仍然是学界热议的话题。本文以近年患者个人信息保护与公共利益间的冲突事例为例,从界定患者个人信息保护概念着手,简述患者个人信息保护与公共利益平衡的重要性,分析我国相关法律存在的问题并提出可行性建议,以期对医学事业的发展、社会安全的保障、患者个人信息的保护等都有所助益。     

The Effect of Image Quality and Forensic Expertise in Facial Image Comparisons

Images of perpetrators in surveillance video footage are often used as evidence in court. In this study, identification accuracy was compared for forensic experts and untrained persons in facial image comparisons as well as the impact of image quality. Participants viewed thirty image pairs and were asked to rate the level of support garnered from their observations for concluding whether or not the two images showed the same person. Forensic experts reached their conclusions with significantly fewer errors than did untrained participants. They were also better than novices at determining when two high‐quality images depicted the same person. Notably, lower image quality led to more careful conclusions by experts, but not for untrained participants. In summary, the untrained participants had more false negatives and false positives than experts, which in the latter case could lead to a higher risk of an innocent person being convicted for an untrained witness.     

Good Governance and Bermuda’s Public Access to Information Act

Abstract

This paper examines the context surrounding, and debates concerning, freedom of information-type legislation in the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It situates the law within a wider push by the British Government for good governance in the British Overseas Territories. It explores the expectation for more ‘open and transparent’ government held by international government organisations, the British Government, and the Bermudian electorate. It analyses the resultant political debates, which are framed by traditions of governance that encouraged secrecy and legacies of distrust between political parties formed soon after universal suffrage was introduced in the 1960s. It investigates the implementation of the Act in response to global, metropolitan and local pressures.     

Taking Freedom of Information into the Commonwealth: The Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative at Work

Abstract

This article outlines the commitment of the Commonwealth and its institutions to a public right to official information, its promotion of the enactment and effective implementation of freedom of information (FOI) legislation, and progress to date in member states. It identifies obstacles to more widespread introduction of access to information laws, and describes the work of the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative through years of advocacy for the adoption of such laws, the training of bureaucrats, lawyers and parliamentarians from around the Commonwealth, and collaborations with civil rights organisations, coalitions and activists. It stresses that engendering a regime of transparency is more complicated than merely enacting an FOI law. Citing successes of the Indian grass-roots movement in promoting the right to information, and successfully encouraging the use of enacted statutes through the dissemination of information about its provisions and usage, it calls for capacity building in both civil society and the media to work towards successful outcomes elsewhere in the Commonwealth.     

我国反恐怖爆炸防控机制的建构

当前我国诱发恐怖爆炸的国际国内因素广泛存在,袭击目标向涉及国计民生的重点要害单位及重要交通枢纽转移,已经严重威胁我国的安全和稳定。我国应建立反恐怖爆炸的紧急处置机制,加强爆炸物的监管,建立健全反恐怖爆炸的情报信息研判机制,加强内部基础防范建设,构建全方位的反恐防控体系。     

地理信息系统在应急指挥系统(110)中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)作为一门新兴学科,在国民经济建设的各个领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。应急指挥作为一种空间性很强的工作,需要GIS的参与。本文以乐山市五通桥区警务GIS为例,介绍了GIS在应急指挥系统(110)中的应用,重点探讨了系统通信、报警点定位、最短路径、案发地周围环境获知几个关键问题,对以往的最短路径处理思想进行了拓展。实际应用情况表明,采用以GIS为核心的辅助决策系统的方法与传统的应急方法相比,提高了调度的准确和响应速度,为应急指挥工作赢得时间,并且明确工作思路,使应急指挥工作在有条不紊的指导下进行。在前人工作成果的基础上,结合警务应急指挥系统实际情况,作者提出了因地制宜发展GIS应急指挥系统的思路。     

“熊猫烧香”案的刑法相关问题探析

“熊猫烧香”案是一起典型的网络犯罪案件，其所涉及的刑法学问题主要是对此案的犯罪嫌疑人是否应以破坏计算机信息系统罪和盗窃罪定罪量刑，对此刑法学界和司法实务界持有不同的观点。因此有必要由最高司法机关对如何认定“后果严重”以及对网络虚拟财产的刑法保护问题作出相应的司法解释，以更加有效地打击网络犯罪行为。