利用不同温度下人肝细胞DNA降解参数推断早期PMI

目的对不同温度下人体肝细胞DNA降解状态进行多参数定量分析,得出温度相关的多元回归方程。方法选取13例已知PMI的人体离体肝脏,在死后13～34h内,分别在10℃、20℃及30℃条件下,每隔1h取材,进行细胞学涂片,Feulgen-Vans染色,选用图像分析系统检测几何参数（ID）及灰度参数（AOD）指标,对不同温度的检测指标进行多元回归分析,得出相应的回归方程。结果温度相关的肝细胞DNA降解推断死亡时间的回归方程：Y=25.789-0.656XT-41.958XAOD＋3.262XID（XT=10,20,30）。结论温度及反映DNA含量的各个参数与PMI存在较强的相关性,可以将温度作为参数引入方程用于推断PMI。     

PryJector: a device for in situ visualization of chemical and physical property distributions on surfaces using projection and hyperspectral imaging

Traditional forensic methods that highlight the spatial distribution of properties such as blood and fingerprints have two main disadvantages: they often apply chemicals that may influence further analyses, and they cannot easily be modified to search for new compounds/properties. A new instrument (called PryJector) avoids these problems by dynamically projecting back onto the surface under study spatially distributed information of compounds/properties (chemical images) obtained from multivariate analysis of hyperspectral images. Selectivity to target compounds/properties is ensured by multivariate modeling which makes the instrument much more flexible compared to traditional methods. The functionality of the PryJector is demonstrated in an application related to the detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals where compounds otherwise indistinguishable to the human eye are made clearly visible by projection of false-colored chemical images. The PryJector is shown to be a noninvasive and very flexible instrument for highlighting spatial distributions of various compounds/properties.     

Establishing of chemical composition of printing ink

The subject of the examinations was primarily court tax marks of 50 and 200 PLN, which were suspected not to be genuine. Both inks on the questioned marks as well as comparative genuine marks and inks sent by the manufacturer were analyzed. No information about their chemical composition was available from manufacturer. In the examinations, infrared (IR), visible, X-ray fluorescence, and Raman spectrometry were used. The examinations showed that inks and glue on the marks of both values were the same as samples of those sent by the manufacturer. Discrepancies in some results were observed probably due to contamination, that is, an accidental presence of the foreign substance on the surface (e.g., sweat, saliva while sticking the marks to the surface or physical handling of the documents). It was concluded that there are original (genuine) court tax marks.