专利保护平衡机制的实现——兼议最高人民法院相关司法解释

因文字语言表达的限制,专利权人较难通过权利要求足够好地描述其发明构思,在权利要求公示的基础上,通过引进等同物来扩大专利权的保护范围,充分保护专利权人的发明构思,成为各国的通行做法。在构建等同侵权的要件、确认等同侵权的例外方面,遵循公平原则始终是平衡专利权人与公众利益的标杆。现有技术抗辩中采用"容易推导"代替"新颖性"标准,等同侵权中以"置换容易性"代替"无创造性"要件,法官在评价"容易推导"及"置换容易"时参考所属技术领域技术人员的专家证言,可实现双方利益的平衡。     

论专利等同侵权的判定时间

虽然专利等同侵权理论已经得到普遍确认,但对等同侵权判定时间点的选择却各不相同。在理论上和实践中,曾经出现了专利申请日、专利公开日、专利授权日、侵权行为日等不同标准。相对而言,侵权行为日标准不仅没有损害专利权利要求的告知功能,而且能够充分保护专利权人的利益,因而是一种较佳选择。     

从加害给付看违约责任与侵权责任之竞合——兼评《合同法》第122条

违约责任与侵权责任竞合是民事责任竞合的典型形式,两大法系主要国家的立法模式各不相同,学者的理解亦莫衷一是。其基本理论传统上只是笼统概括违约责任与侵权责任之竞合,并未仔细区分民事责任具体责任承担方式之间的竞合以及不同性质利益之间竞合等具体情形;同种性质责任承担方式之间才存在责任竞合,应当厘清不同的具体承担方式、区别不同性质利益。     

电视节目模板的著作权法保护困境及出路

“电视节目模板”交易在国内外已经形成一个巨大的产业，但由于法律规定的空白，模板之间的抄袭现象十分严重。由于电视节目模板中的基本创意属于思想的范畴，电视节目模板作为整体难以得到著作权法的保护。在现有的法律框架下，可以通过给予模板的脚本以著作权和对侵犯著作权的认定标准进行改进，为电视节目模板提供一定的法律保护。     

Chilling ISPs… when private regulators act without adequate public framework…

Self-regulation has found its adepts very early, but more academics are beginning to question its appropriateness and calling for a “hybrid regulation” as cyberspace becomes more and more an essential means of communication in everyday life. Yet, today the private sector has never been so strong within cyberspace and the chances to see the flowering of what U.S. lawyers know as public forums keep on diminishing. The success of filtering measures, the implementation is which is most of the time opaque, confirms this trend. More generally, the desire to see private powers confined in the digital environment is far from being granted. This is certainly due in part to the relative obsolescence of legal concepts that are inapt to frame the behavior of intermediaries, which do play the role of regulators. This paper thus seeks to determine and analyse the legal framework within which intermediaries act in cyberspace.     

博客侵权问题研究

In recent years the cases of blog infringement are on the increase, attracting more attention from all walks of life. The author provides a preliminary discussion on the status, elements, and judicial finding of blog infringement, as well as civil liabilities for blog infringement, in the hope of contributing to the research and legislative regulation of blog infringement. Fang Yiquan is a professor and postgraduate supervisor of Law School of Wenzhou University, and a legal adviser of Wenzhou Municipal Government, whose main researches focus on civil law, commercial law and educational law. Professor Fang has been chosen as one of the “151 Talents of the New Century” of Zhejiang Province, one of the “Ten Outstanding Youths” in Wenzhou city, a “Prominent Educator” in Zhejiang Province. His scientific research achievements have received prefectural, provincial and ministerial rewards for over ten times. He has presided ten projects funded by the Humanities & Social Sciences of the Education Ministry of China and the Philosophy and Social Sciences of Zhejiang Province. He has released over 60 articles in academic law journals, such as Politics and Law Forum, Jurists Review, etc. His monographs include Compensation Liability of Student Injury Incidents, Research on Legal Problems of Campus Infringement, etc.     

微博侵权行为的法律分析

微博作为一种新兴的交流工具,走进普通民众的生活,使得公民的言论自由权利得到了更加极致的发挥。与博客相比,微博的即时通讯功能更显强大,有网络的时候可以直接书写,在没有网络的地方,只要有手机就可以随时更新内容,用户可以即时迅速地表达自己的想法、心愿。在生活节奏变的愈来愈快的今天,微博使朋友之间的沟通与交流更加方便,也为人们提供了一个自由的精神家园。但是,由于微博的操作简单性、开放性、匿名性等特点,再加上我国目前互联网方面的法律体系比较薄弱,微博用户利用微博侵害他人权益的现象不断发生,为了保护公民的合法权益不受侵犯,本文针对微博中出现的侵权行为所涉及的法律问题进行了分析,并提出一些的建议。     

论形成权的性质

形成权无对应的义务,这是由于其本质上是一种权力,与其对应的是相对人的屈从地位。形成权的享有无不存在被侵害的可能,其行使过程可能被侵害。形成权属技术性权利,并无实质之利益附着,其具有死亡的基因,一次行使即归消灭。     

手机短信侵权民事责任探析

手机短信侵权是指短信发送行为人由于过错侵害了他人的财产权和人身权。结合我国《民法通则》第106、134条和其他相应法律法规的法律原则,运用侵权行为法的一般理论对手机短信侵权的构成要件、责任主体和归责问题进行分析,并从有法可依、有法必依的角度提出建立手机短信侵权规制制度的框架性构想。     

论侵权责任与违约责任的竞合

民事责任竞合主要体现为侵权责任与违约责任的竞合。在司法实践中它是一种常见的法律现象,立法上主要体现在我国《合同法》第122条的规定中。在有关民事责任竞合的各种理论学说中,请求权竞合说能够使当事人双方之间的纠纷得到妥善的解决。