论被害人合法权利的法律保护

在公诉制度下,国家对社会、国家利益的保护十分重视,对犯罪人的合法权利的保护也比较重视,但对被害人的合法权利的保护却常常被忽视。许多被害人在精神、财产和人身方面都受到严重的损害,由于得不到补偿,生活极其困难。全社会各方面都应当关心和重视对被害人合法权利的保护,这对稳定社会秩序,维护人民群众的根本利益有重要意义。     

实验性大鼠脑震荡后c-jun mRNA表达

目的观察实验性大鼠脑震荡后c-jun mRNA的表达变化规律。方法 55只实验大鼠随机分为脑震荡组（0min、15min、30min、60min、3h、6h、12h、24h、48h、96h）和对照组,用原位杂交法观察大鼠脑震荡后各时间点,大脑皮质、脑干和丘脑神经元c-jun mRNA表达的变化规律。结果对照组大鼠神经元和胶质细胞均可见c-jun mRNA的弱阳性表达。脑震荡组大鼠损伤后15min神经细胞观察到c-jun mRNA阳性表达,随损伤后经过时间的延长阳性表达逐渐增强;30min时c-jun mRNA阳性反应达高峰,随后逐渐降低,至96h时回落至对照组水平。结论 c-jun mRNA表达水平可成为诊断脑震荡和推断伤后经过时间的一项敏感指标。     

美国疫苗伤害补偿计划及其对我国的启示

上世纪80年代,美国为了应对疫苗供应危机,颁布了《国家儿童疫苗伤害法》,1988年开始实行疫苗伤害补偿计划,经过几年的努力,初步实现了国会的双重立法目标。我国应借鉴美国的经验,明确立法目标,由国家制定统一的补偿标准,不断扩大补偿范围,制定更具操作性的规定,进一步完善我国的疫苗伤害补偿制度。     

论垄断民事损害赔偿之确定——兼对最高人民法院相关司法解释（征求意见稿）的补充

在多数情况下,垄断民事损害是“所失之利益”,需要法律从技术角度对损害的计算方式、方法作出规定、限定。在计算的立足点上,应当首先考虑受害人的损失,其次是侵权行为人的违法所得,最后是法院酌定。在计算方法上,可以借鉴美国的前后对比法、相似市场法、市场占有率法等成熟作法并综合实际情况加以确定。在赔偿的倍率上,反垄断法不应当引入惩罚性赔偿机制。     

Plank fence penetration into automobiles-implications for prevention initiatives

The wooden plank fence presents a deadly but unrecognized hazard to motorists. We hypothesize that fence plank injury is prevalent and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Databases of the University of Kentucky's Level I Trauma Center and the Fayette County Coroner were retrospectively analyzed over a 12-year period (1995-2006). One hundred and twenty-eight subjects were involved in vehicle contact with wooden plank fences. One hundred and twenty-three subjects were evaluated at the Emergency Department of our trauma center; 35 (27%) had a patient-plank interaction (PPI). Men (30/35) were more frequently involved (86%), and average age was 32.8 years. Thirty-two (91%) were drivers; 14/35 (40%) died from PPI-related injuries. The most common cause of death was blunt head trauma in 13 of these 14 fatally injured subjects (93%). This study provides new data underscoring the frequency, lethality, and economic consequences of this injury mechanism. Further research is needed to quantify the national prevalence of this problem and develop injury-mitigating strategies pertaining to roadway or fence design.     

Traumatic testicular displacement in motorcycle drivers

Testicular displacement is a rare clinical presentation of blunt scrotal injury that may take place in road traffic accidents involving motorcycle occupants. We are presenting two cases of motorcycle occupant fatalities, 21 and 24 years of age, where testicular displacement and other signs of groin trauma have been determined. In both cases, discrete external signs of scrotal trauma were noted on examination, while unilateral and bilateral traumatic testicular displacement, respectively, have been documented at autopsy. For motorcycle occupants involved in collision, it is necessary to perform a thorough analysis of injuries, in particular to look for specific trauma arising from fuel-tank impact to genitalia and/or groin. These injuries are of great medico-legal importance both at postmortem and in clinical cases involving motorcycle occupants involved in collision.     

A comparative and comprehensive analysis of nonsexual assaults

The aim of this study was to make a comparative and comprehensive analysis of nonsexual assaults in 488 medico-legal cases presented to Forensic Medicine Outpatient Clinic of Celal Bayar University Hospital (Manisa, Turkey), between 2005 and 2009. There were blunt force injuries (BFI) in 262 cases (53.7%), sharp force injuries (SFI) in 163 cases (33.4%), and firearm-related wounds (FRW) in 63 cases (12.9%). The results showed significant differences in the monthly distribution of assaults, localization of injuries, and severity of injuries depending on the types of assaults. Most of the injuries were localized to the face, head, and neck in BFI and SFI and to the lower limbs in FRW. The results of this study will help researchers to investigate characteristics of victims, offenders, and injuries and types of assaults because of nonsexual violence.     

Death by motorcycle: background, behavioral, and situational correlates of fatal motorcycle collisions

Motorcycle fatalities in the United States continue to increase on both crude and adjusted bases. This paper examines fatal motorcycle accidents as a cause of death, using a retrospective analysis of motorcycle operator fatalities from 2003 to 2008 in the state of Indiana. During these six years, out of more than 18,000 motorcycle operators in crashes, 601 were killed. Based on police report data, motorcycle operators during this period are examined to reveal key factors that are in place when a motorcyclist is killed in a collision. The major correlates of death identified were objects of impact, risky behaviors, and speed. The largest positive effects on the chances of death were linked to trees, posts-signs-poles, bridge-guardrail-median, and other motor vehicles. In conjunction with speed, these objects were the primary mechanisms by which fatal injuries were sustained by motorcyclists. Various types of risky behavior were also major correlates of death by motorcycle.     

生物科技研究中人体组织提供者补偿模式研究

在生物科技飞速进步的时代,人体组织被广泛应用于科学研究当中,研究成果的开发进而可能带来巨大商业回报。如何保护组织提供者的利益,适度引入利益分享机制而不堕入人格商品化漩涡,是自美国摩尔案以来引发法律界思考的重大问题。现行的无偿捐赠模式显失公平,急待改革。人体组织纵然与人体脱离,亦不可与物等同,套用物权规则的市场化改革模式因笼罩着难以消弭的人格商品化阴云而不具可行性,合理补偿模式作为第三条道路是最理想的选择,而补偿模式怎样落实为具体的法律制度设计值得探讨。     

完善国际旅游岛生态补偿法律制度的探讨

建立和健全海南国际旅游岛生态环境补偿机制,是全面贯彻落实科学发展观的重大战略举措,具有特别重要的意义。建设国际旅游岛,可以通过完善公众参与、生态补偿形式多样化、生态补偿机制全面化等来完善海南的生态补偿制度。