拟制型的故意杀人罪，故意伤害罪——兼议我国刑法分则中的法律拟制与注意规定

我国刑法中在某些条文中有类似的规定：“犯前款罪,致人伤残、死亡的,依照本法第二百三十四条、第二百三十二条的规定定罪处罚。”这样的叙述存在于第二百三十八务、第二百四十七条、第二百四十八条、第二百八十九条、第二百九十二条、第三百三十三条之中,以上法条规定以故意杀人罪与故意伤害罪处罚,可以被称为是拟制型的故意杀人罪与故意伤害罪,即原行为并不完全符合有关故意杀人与故意伤害构成要件的规定,而以故意杀人罪与故意伤害罪进行规制。     

论因果关系推定在行政赔偿诉讼中的应用——兼论行政不作为赔偿因果关系的认定

由于行政不作为的特殊性以及国家赔偿因果关系制度的滞后性,要证明行政不作为与损害结果之间的因果关系显得异常困难。因此,合理确定行政不作为赔偿诉讼中因果关系的认定规则,对及时公正处理行政赔偿纠纷具有重要的意义。要构建行政不作为赔偿因果关系的认定机理,需要引入因果关系推定学说理论,并与司法实务操作相适应,完善我国国家赔偿因果关系制度。     

困境与出路:生态补偿法律制度的完善路径

当前保护生态环境资源的形势严峻,经济发展与生态环境之间的矛盾日益加深,如何协调两者之间的关系以实现利益平衡,需对生态补偿问题进行探讨。本文阐明生态补偿的内涵,分析生态补偿立法中存在的问题,提出完善生态补偿的具体措施,以期为构建可行性的生态补偿制度提供借鉴。     

论南海海洋生态补偿法律机制及其实现途径

生态补偿作为一种有效的经济手段在环境保护中已经得到广泛运用。随着经济的快速发展,中国海洋生态资源破坏日趋严重,开展海洋生态资源生态补偿研究有利于利用经济的手段解决海洋生态资源面临的问题。随着南海资源开发的深入与南海纠纷问题的剧增,南海海洋生态环境面临巨大的压力,建立南海海洋生态法律补偿是保护南海海洋生态环境的有效措施。     

A Unique Type of Birth Trauma Mistaken for Abuse

Pediatric abusive head trauma is a challenging subject across many disciplines. Of particular importance is the identification of mimics of abuse, so cause and manner of death can be properly assigned. We present the case of suspected child abuse involving an infant who presented unresponsive to the hospital with hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and bilateral parietal fractures. An autopsy revealed fractures associated with organizing scalp hemorrhage and gross leptomeningeal congestion and hemorrhage. The fractures were circular with external displacement, rounded margins, and subperiosteal new bone formation indicative of healing. Birth records revealed vacuum assist and cesarean section delivery. Although vacuum extraction‐related injuries are typically cephalohematomas and/or linear fractures, the outbending and circular morphology of the fractures are consistent with vacuum extraction. Moreover, microscopic neuropathological examination revealed hemorrhagic purulent leptomeningitis. This unique case demonstrates the importance of considering birth trauma in the determination of cause and manner of death of an infant.     

Traumatic brain injury in a forensic intellectual disability population

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening in forensic populations has been recommended, due to a high prevalence, links to specific offence profiles and poorer outcomes, such as higher rates of psychiatric disturbance, longer stays in prison, and reoffending. Research focusing on TBI among offenders with intellectual disability (ID) is lacking. This study therefore describes the implementation of TBI screening using the Brain Injury Screening Index (BISI©), TBI prevalence and correlates in a forensic ID service. TBI appeared under recorded in case notes, with considerably more patients self-reporting TBI. Reported causes of TBI differed somewhat to the general population, including childhood physical abuse, self-harming behaviour, and assault. Approximately one-third of injuries did not receive any treatment. Though further adaptations may be required on current screening measures for TBI in offenders with ID, screening can provide valuable information, contributing positively to individual patient therapeutic and risk formulations.     

华沙体制民航承运人责任制的嬗变及影响

华沙体制规定了国际航空承运人的责任制度,但华沙体制九个文件并存的状况势必会破坏华沙公约的统一规则,为此,国际民航组织签署了《统一国际航空运输某些规则的公约》,该公约将华沙体制九个文件合并为一体,确立了国际航空承运人新的责任制度,这将对我国民航业及其法律制度产生重要影响。     

行政自动化中的法律问题

行政自动化在提升行政效率之余 ,提高了行政管理的秘密性 ,与现代行政法所提倡的行政公开原则不相符 ;行政自动化使行政行为程序中的裁量转变为程序前的裁量 ,无法做到考虑相关因素 ,有违行政合理性原则 ;带来了自动化设施错误控制、故障的行为在性质认定上的困扰和国家赔偿责任的缺失。文章提出了对这些问题的解决方法     

论违约金是否能与赔偿损失并用--兼谈违约金的性质

《合同法》实施后,在违约金是否可以和赔偿实际损失并用这个问题上一直存在分歧,笔者从三个方面论述后认为在目前《合同法》违约责任的体系中违约金和赔偿损失实际上并没有并用的基础。     

残疾赔偿金的赔偿年限之我见

残疾赔偿金的赔偿年限的确定存在一定争议,建议以差额化模式确定残疾赔偿金的赔偿年限,而不是以定型化模式确定其赔偿年限。