Deaths associated with electric shock injuries in children and adults: A 10-year retrospective examination in Şanlıurfa,Southeast Turkey (2012–2022)

Electric shock injuries (EIs) have high rates of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. The aim of this study was to examine autopsy cases resulting from EIs and to compare pediatric and adult groups with respect to sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, location of the incident, electricity entry–exit wound characteristics, current direction, pathological effects of the electric shocks on the body, and cause of death. A total of 8075 autopsies conducted between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively examined. Şanliurfa is a city in the southeast of Turkey with the highest birth rate in the country. Of 123 cases of death resulting from EIs in Şanliurfa, 58 (47.2%) were children (age < 18 years). In the majority of children (81%), a low-voltage injury resulted from a domestic appliance while the children were playing at home in a rural area. In the vast majority of adults, a high-voltage injury (HVI) resulted from a workplace accident due to working with HVI materials in an area outside the home. The manner of death was accidental in all the electric shock injuries. The electricity entry and exit wounds formed as a result of EIs had similar characteristics in both children and adults, with no significant difference identified. In the province of Şanliurfa, Turkey, which borders Syria and where the main occupation is agricultural activities, there is a need to increase electrical safety precautions within the home, educate parents, and increase electrical safety conditions and worker education in the workplace.     

Closing the Floodgates on Privacy Class Actions: Lloyd v Google LLC

In Lloyd v Google LLC [2021] UKSC 50, the Supreme Court overturned the Court of Appeal's decision, which had allowed a claim under the Data Protection Act 1998 to proceed as a representative action under CPR 19.6. This is significant because the Court of Appeal's decision arguably paved the way for further data protection/privacy claims to be brought as opt-out ‘class actions’ using this procedure. This case note summarises the Supreme Court decision and assesses its implications for both the procedural law of collective redress and the substantive law of privacy in England. It argues that the Supreme Court's reasoning in relation to both of these areas is sound as a matter of precedent and statutory construction. As a matter of public policy, the decision is likely to re-enliven debate about the availability of collective redress in English law and whether the existing collective proceedings regime should be broadened.     

论我国公害救济制度的完善

面对日益严重的环境侵权案件,完善对受害者的救济是不容回避的问题。我国现行环境侵权损害赔偿制度在“行为违法性”的认知、因果关系理论的选择以及救济途径等方面都存在一定的不足,应当从宪法、民法以及环境保护法等方面完善我国环境侵权损害赔偿制度,从而构建完整的受害者救济制度。     

国家赔偿归责原则探讨——从执法责任追究机制的角度

当前的国家赔偿归责原则与执法责任追究之间存在某种紧张关系——国家赔偿实行违法归责原则,承担国家赔偿责任意味着存在违法,违法则要进行执法责任追究,因此对执法机关、对受害人、对落实国家赔偿制度都造成负面影响。为了既有利于规范国家机关及其公务人员的职权行为,又有利于消除归责原则与执法责任追究之间的紧张关系,重构国家赔偿归责原则,可以借鉴法国的国家赔偿法,建立以公务过错责任为主,以无过错责任为辅的归责原则体系。     

弥漫性轴索损伤的研究进展

弥漫性轴索损伤是颅脑损伤的一种重要形式,其特点是临床表现严重,但是病理学改变轻微,所以往往给影像学诊断、病理学诊断带来困难。了解弥漫性轴索损伤发生的生物力学机制,病理生理学机制以及病理形态学改变,有助于更好地对其作出诊断和治疗,同时结合法医病理学研究特点,需要对其进行深入研究。     

民事诉讼与行政诉讼的程序并行和接轨

民事诉讼与行政诉讼的现行程序法制构造,难以应对行政争议与民事争议密切关联且混合并存的复杂案件。在受害人的损害由民事侵权、行政侵权、受害人的过错,乃至于不可抗力、意外事件等多种原因共同作用而造成的情况下,单一的民事诉讼或行政诉讼,均无法高效、低成本且全面地保护受害人的权益。通过修改行政诉讼法、民事诉讼法、国家赔偿法等相关法律及司法解释,构建行政附带民事诉讼、民事附带行政诉讼制度,从而实现行政救济与民事救济制度的并行与接轨。     

儿童颅脑损伤生物力学研究进展

本文综述了儿童颅脑损伤生物力学研究中大脑、颅骨、颅缝及硬脑膜等颅脑材料属性参数检测及儿童颅脑有限元模型构建研究进展,分析目前已建立的儿童颅脑有限元模型的不足,提出应加强儿童颅脑材料属性参数检测研究,建立相关数据库,为建立精准的儿童颅脑有限元模型奠定基础。     

17例颈椎外伤合并颈椎退行性病变的伤病关系分析

目的研究颈椎外伤合并颈椎退行性病变的法医学鉴定案件特点,探讨如何利用临床资料,法医学检查和影像学检查等对损伤和病变参与程度进行认定等问题。方法收集17例颈椎外伤合并颈椎退行性病变的法医学鉴定案例,对其年龄分布、损伤方式、损伤程度、影像学表现等进行分析,综合评定伤病关系。结果 17例案件以中老年为主。所有案例均存在椎间盘突出,损伤以过伸性损伤为主。按照影像学表现,将损伤程度和脊椎退变程度进行分级,综合计算伤病参与程度。结论颈椎外伤合并颈椎退行性病变的法医学鉴定案件应综合运用临床资料、法医学体格检查和影像学检查结果进行评定。     

服务劳动价值论--劳动价值论在服务生产领域中的拓展

第三产业的兴盛,一方面证实了新价值的创造(GDP)与劳动量(就业人数)之间存在着正相关的关系,另一方面对劳动价值论关于服务劳动非生产性的论断提出了重大挑战.必须将劳动价值论从物质生产领域向服务生产领域拓展,通过论证服务劳动的生产性来揭示服务劳动的使用价值创造过程、价值形成过程和剩余价值生产过程;同时也必须回答服务产品价值量的决定和生产价格决定,以及纯粹流通费用的补偿等基本问题.     

论单独侵权致同一损害适用按份责任的例外

单独侵权不足以致全部损害时,应适用连带责任还是按份责任并无定论。连带责任将部分侵权人不能清偿的风险转嫁给其他侵权人,有利于保护受害人,却让过错比例较小的侵权人承担过重的责任;按份责任可避免过错程度与责任不相称,却将部分侵权人不能清偿的风险转移给原告。这使连带责任或按份责任作为一般规则设置例外显得必要,由此形成两种模式:连带责任为一般规则、按份责任为例外与按份责任为一般规则、连带责任为例外。多数国家采纳前者,我国采纳后者。排除政策性连带责任,网络服务提供者承担连带责任属于我国"按份责任"一般规则的例外,但其适当性欠妥,司法实践将环境侵权、医疗侵权作为例外情形有其合理性。