Experimental Study of Bite Mark Injuries by Digital Analysis

Abstract: This study was based on a morphometric analysis of bite marks starting from the quantitative definition of the anterior teeth by the geometric acquisition of the “injuries,” using bite marks impressed on pig skin and plastic. Each mark was photographed and acquired. A dedicated program automatically supplied the values of the shape factors and the areas of the pattern geometric figures. The values obtained for the homologous samples were compared to the heterologous values. Statistical comparison was made of the sets by linear regression, determining the correlation coefficient and the determination coefficient for each value. Results showed only 4.8% and 2% of overlap between homologous and heterologous values. This study was carried out in attempting to quantitatively define the anterior teeth of the human dentition and the procedure described and the results obtained support the advantage of morphometric studies and computer‐aided programs in this study of bite marks.     

公共政策滞后的阐释与矫正

政策滞后是政策过程中一种不均衡的状态,相对于政策需求而言,政策滞后是一条客观规律。从理性经济人假定出发,政策滞后的原因包括政策主体的自利性及其成本—收益计算;政策需求的非均质、非同一性;政策供给的路径依赖与决策者的有限理性。矫正政策滞后,要发挥政策主体的能动性,优化社会利益聚合、利益表达的渠道,培育积极向上的非正式制度。     

大学语文课程教学现状及对策分析

近年来,大学语文教学存在学科地位弱化、课程定位模糊等问题,学科本身也日益边缘化。作为教育教学活动中的引导,大学语文教师应从建构正确的教学价值体系和努力提高自身素质、刻苦钻研等方面入手,实现大学语文教育的创新和发展。     

青少年心理问题若干个案的思维方式归因分析

思维与心理有着极为密切的关系,探讨和解决青少年心理问题,不能把思维方式的影响撇在一边。对青少年心理问题的个案进行分析,均会发现思维方式侧身其中的情况。因此,不解决思维方式问题,心理问题也不可能得到彻底的解决。思维方式教育应该作为青少年心理健康教育的重要组成部分。     

我国药物滥用文献计量学研究

目的:了解我国近10a来药物滥用研究的文献状况。方法:采用"物质相关性障碍"为主题词,对《中国生物医学文献数据库》1997年-2006年收录的药物滥用文章进行检索和分析。根据《中国学术期刊综合引证报告》(2007版)提供的各项统计指标,对药物滥用领域的核心期刊进行分析。结果:(1)我国药物滥用研究论文的发表呈逐年上升趋势;(2)文献的著者以广东、北京和山东发文量最多,占50.4%;(3)大学的相关研究机构和附属医院发文量较多,占30%,其中北京大学发表最多;(4)药物滥用领域的研究中9.8%是基金资助的,而且基金资助数量也逐年增多;(5)载文量最多的期刊是《中国药物依赖性杂志》,其次是《中国药物滥用防治杂志》。结论:《中国药物依赖性杂志》和《中国药物滥用防治杂志》是药物依赖研究领域最受关注的期刊,具有较高的影响力和学术地位。     

《德意志意识形态》中“交往理论”的深层透析及其现实意义

"交往理论"是《德意志意识形态》中一个非常重要的理论。马克思和恩格斯在科学实践观的基础上对交往进行了系统阐述,并首次创建了马克思主义的交往理论。今天,我们重温"交往理论",对全面建设小康社会,构建社会主义和谐社会以及构建和谐世界,都具有重大的理论意义和实践意义。     

租:公共政策的意蕴

本文从布坎南关于"租"的论述出发,运用新制度主义方法重新审视"租"的公共政策意蕴,认为公共政策是一种正式制度安排,本质上是关于规定个体和集体选择集的制度安排结构;在制度变迁中,由于不同体制、权利和组织设置而获得的额外收益就是"租",这是公共政策存在的理由;寻租是有成本的,表现为政治交易费用,政府创租和利益集团寻租是不同的两种政治交易过程,表现为公共政策议程;有效率的公共政策选择依赖于制度结构,是制度结构赋予成本和收益以意义。     

基于中国银行业市场集中度分析外资银行进入的影响

本文基于我国具有代表性的14家国内银行1991-2004年的时间序列数据,对外资银行进入对我国银行市场集中度的影响进行了定量实证研究。结果表明:外资银行进入对我国银行业人民币存贷款集中度、外汇存贷款集中度的影响并不显著,但是从整体来看,外资银行资产份额比外资银行数目对我国银行业集中度的影响要大。最后,文章提出了实证结论和相应的对策建议。     

On the value of formal assessment of uncertainty in regulatory analysis

The US Office of Management and Budget introduced in 2003 a new requirement for the treatment of uncertainty in Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) of proposed regulations, requiring agencies to carry out a formal quantitative uncertainty assessment regarding a regulation’s benefits and costs if either is expected to reach $1 billion annually. Despite previous use in other contexts, such formal assessments of uncertainty have rarely been employed in RIAs or other regulatory analyses. We describe how formal quantitative assessments of uncertainty – in particular, Monte Carlo analyses – can be conducted, we examine the challenges and limitations of such analyses in the context of RIAs, and we assess how the resulting information can affect the evaluation of regulations. For illustrative purposes, we compare Monte Carlo analysis with methods typically used in RIAs to evaluate uncertainty in the context of economic analyses carried out for the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Nonroad Diesel Rule, which became effective in 2004.     

The economic significance of “insignificant” rules

We know relatively little about the economic effects of “insignificant” rules because they are not typically analyzed. Yet, these rules could be cumulatively important. We provide an economic analysis of one proposed rule to control hazardous air pollutants, which is not considered to be economically significant. This rule is of particular interest because it is one of the first in a long series of rules that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will consider for limiting hazardous air pollutant emissions. Our analysis suggests that the proposed controls that EPA has considered are not likely to pass a benefit–cost test. We recommend that an agency base its decision to allocate additional resources to benefit–cost analysis on the expected value of the improved information. In addition, agencies should consider applying a rule of thumb that would specify a threshold level of risk reduction that needs to be achieved before some kinds of regulation are considered.