完善我国单位犯罪刑事诉讼程序之构想——以中、法法律比较为视角

我国刑法对单位犯罪作出了明确的规定,但刑事诉讼法缺乏相应的诉讼程序规定.借鉴法国刑事诉讼法关于单位犯罪诉讼程序的规定,我国应在《刑事诉讼法》中设专章对单位犯罪诉讼程序加以规定,明确对单位犯罪的职能管辖与审判管辖.     

制度的十大功能:学理层面的诠释

制度具有思想、道德、文化、政策等所不能代替的特有属性和功能:转化与载体功能、抑恶与惩恶功能、护善与扬善功能、预防与教化功能、纠错与更新功能、管理与效率功能、疏通与减压功能、激励与创造功能、协调与整合功能、秩序与稳定功能。只有深刻认识这些功能,才能增强制度意识,加强制度建设和创新,为和谐社会的构建提供理论支撑和制度保证。     

我国高校趋同化现象的理论解释——新制度主义的视角

在我国高等教育大众化进程中,出现了较严重的高校趋同化现象。虽然目前对这种趋同化现象所带来的后果还不能作出最终判决,但作为一种已经出现并在不断强化着的现象,则需要我们从理论上作出解释。组织社会学的新制度主义认为,在不确定的环境中,组织为了生存和发展,其外部形态、内部结构、运行模式等会在环境的逼迫和诱导下走向趋同,这是组织追求合法性的表现。我国高等教育大众化阶段出现的高校趋同化现象,正是高校在竞争激烈、环境不确定的情况下寻求合法性的本能反应。深刻认识和正确分析高校这种趋同性,对优化高等教育生态环境具有重要意义。     

我国民事公益诉讼的制度建构

民事公益诉讼的提出是当前侵害国家利益和社会公共利益的案件大量涌现却得不到适当解决的情势所需.民事公益诉讼的目的,是立法者基于其客观需要和民事诉讼、民事公益诉讼的本质及其规律的认识,而预先设定的理想目标.它是民事公益诉讼制度构建的逻辑起点,由此论及民事公益诉讼的原则、管辖、原告资格认定、诉讼受案范围、证明责任分担、诉讼费用等内容,目的是对民事公益诉讼制度在我国的全面确立有所裨益.     

完善民事纠纷多元化解决机制的思考

目前,我国正处于体制转轨、社会变革、利益分化、观念更新的矛盾凸显期,社会矛盾日趋复杂,民事纠纷日益增加,迫切需要在诉讼外寻求其他纠纷解决方式来缓解社会矛盾。文章通过对多元化纠纷解决机制含义、内容以及价值功能的分析研究,提出完善多元化纠纷解决机制的建议。     

Female sex offenders who abuse children whilst working in organisational contexts: offending,conviction and sentencing

To date, there has been very little research into the phenomenon of female-perpetrated institutional child sexual abuse (CSA). This study explored 71 cases of CSA perpetrated by women working with children, considered by UK police and courts between 2000 and 2016. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis was employed to examine court reports, professional regulatory body decisions, media reports and an online sentencing database in order to identify perpetrator and victim characteristics, the nature of the offending behaviour, modus operandi and criminal justice system responses. Findings indicate most women offended alone and had no previous criminal or employment records of concern. Victims were typically male and 15–16 years old. Most women received custodial sentences, typically of 2–3 years in length. Implications for policy and practice are also discussed.     

The reconstruction of business interests after the ISI collapse: unpacking the effect of institutional change in Chile and Uruguay

Abstract

This paper focuses on understanding the different evolutions of business’ associational paths in post-Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Chile and Uruguay, offering an explanation at the crossroads of the institutional change and international trade literatures. The argument is that the different forms in which ISI institutions were transformed during the liberalisation period facilitated a greater mobility of factors to different degrees, triggering divergent enduring associational strategies on the part of business. The proliferation of narrow-based special benefits during the ISI fuelled preferences for the formation of sector-based coalitions oriented towards rent-seeking activities. Nevertheless, while ISI regulations were displaced in Chile during the military period, Uruguay followed a gradual process of layering of new rules alongside old ones. These diverging strategies, having different effect on established inter-sectoral regulatory distortions, propitiated alternative associational paths of local business.     

Make and Buy—An Alternative to Make or Buy? An Investigation of Four Theoretical Explanations in Danish Municipalities

The question of whether public organizations should provide services themselves or buy them from external suppliers has become increasingly relevant due to public-sector modernization. The literature has focused on it as a question of either make or buy. Contrarily, we focus on the reasons for public organizations to simultaneously produce and contract out similar services. The article investigates different theoretical explanations for concurrent make and buy. A survey of Danish municipalities shows that make and buy seems to be a steady choice. However, the results show little support for the theoretical explanations indicating the need for more public-oriented explanations.     

Institutional Change and Professional Norms: A Study of Grading Behavior in Higher Education

This study investigates how an institutional exogenous change interacts with professional norms in relation to behavior in public organizations. We test how a new grading scale introduced in 2007 changed grade point averages and pass rates at two university departments. Data consist of register data on grading between 2004 and 2010. We find that the new grading scale both increased grade point averages and pass rates and halted the negative time trend in these variables. These effects are even greater for exams with an external examiner. The main conclusion is that grading systems affect grading both immediately and over time.     

我国专家辅助人制度创新的实用主义及立法的模糊立场——基于司法实践的一种理论展开

专家辅助人作为源于司法实践的创新制度,历经了最高人民法院规范性文件的认可以及法律上的确认,逐渐成长为一项正式的诉讼制度。然因司法机关相关答复、解释的误释与误导,不仅理论上难以自洽,而且司法实践中也各行其是,以至于影响了该制度的规范性运行。2012年修改的《刑事诉讼法》和《民事诉讼法》对此的规定又因其模糊的立场再度导致司法实践对其与专家证人关系纠缠不清,应当从理论上澄清立法的模糊立场、摆脱司法实践的非制度化扩张,避免对专家证人的盲目效仿,同时还应厘清专家辅助人的中国模式。