新农村建设的路径选择与对策——以农民权利为中心的制度创新和法律保障为视角

新农村建设关键在于要围绕提高、尊重农民权利为中心而展开相应的制度创新。其中心主要从＂放权＂、＂限权＂和＂保权＂三个方面展开。所谓＂放权＂,即要营造实现农民与国家之间对称性互动的良性机制;所谓＂限权＂,即明确国家权力与农民自治权利之间的界限,实现由指令型政府到服务型政府的转变;所谓＂保权＂,即通过相关的制度创新和立法,保障农民各项权利平等的实现以及完善相应的权利救济体制。     

农村社会管理体制机制创新研究

农村社会管理体制机制创新是全社会加强和创新社会管理的重要基础支撑,是当前农村经济发展、社会和谐以及民主政治建设的必然要求。因此,在新形势下加强农村社会管理体制机制创新,要以深化改革为契机、以促进和谐为目的,具体而言,体制创新是关键,机制创新是重点,法治化是保障,只有这样,才能切实掌握农村社会管理领域的实际情况,才能解决农村社会管理领域存在的具体问题。     

Land and Water Institutions in the Blue Nile Basin: Setups and Gaps for Improved Land and Water Management

This study undertook an assessment and gap analysis of the institutional arrangements for improved land and water management in the Tana and Beles Sub‐basins highlands of the Blue Nile Basin. We explored the mandates and design features of the major land‐ and water‐related institutional arrangements. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a literature review were used in the analysis. The results of our work reveal that a lot of progress has been made in creating an institutional framework for improved land and water management and the policies and laws hitherto developed reflect global policy changes consistent with the widespread adoption of the integrated water resources management (IWRM) principles. There are also cases where informal institutions replace formal institutions. Judged by their enforcement, the water resources management, pollution control standards, and regulations and land use rights are not enacted effectively because of poor enforcement capacity. Overall there is a tendency to focus on command‐and‐control type policies. There is a need to strengthen traditional institutions by drawing lessons from their strengths and establish the legitimacy of these institutions. There is also a need to improve formal policy design, developing policies with specific objectives, goals, targets, and overall institutional changes and resources through active adaptive management to maximize the level and effectiveness of institutional learning. Finally, more focus needs to be given to incentive‐based policies through increased use of positive incentives and more emphasis needs to be given to self‐enforcement rather than third‐party enforcement.     

转型期公务员廉政建设制度创新的思考

腐败问题始终困扰着人类社会的各个政治共同体,引起了世界各国的广泛关注和高度重视。改革开放以来,中国的社会改革逐步深入,经济转轨、社会转型加速了现代化的进程,同时也出现了腐败等严重的社会问题。而公务员廉政制度体系不健全,是导致腐败现象不能完全有效防治的重大原因。本文论述了转型期公务员廉政建设制度创新面临的新挑战和紧迫性,并在此基础上提出了强化转型期公务员廉政建设制度创新的对策选择。     

大学生诚信教育机制研究

强化和完善大学生的诚信教育,倡导诚实守信理念,提升大学生的诚信修养,是当前高校思想政治教育的重要任务。建立、完善大学生的诚信教育机制是一个系统工程,“两课”教育是基础,管理规范的科学化是前提,诚信制度建设是根本,诚信监督机制是保障。     

The paths to citizenship: a critical examination of immigration policy in Britain since 2001

ABSTRACT

McGhee explores the Labour government's attempts to manage the challenges and protect against the ‘risks’ associated with a particular group of migrants to Britain: permanent immigrants. He examines how Gordon Brown conceives of his three-stage proposals for ‘earned’ British citizenship working with the wider managed migration strategy introduced by Tony Blair and Charles Clarke. At the same time, McGhee contextualizes the earned British citizenship proposals within the recent immigration policies and citizenship/integration strategies introduced by David Blunkett when Home Secretary. If the episodes of social disorder involving the second generation of settled immigrant communities in Oldham, Burnley and Bradford in the summer of 2001 were the events that triggered Blunkett's new integration/citizenship strategies, including the introduction of English classes and citizenship lessons for would-be citizens, then the 7/7 attacks by so-called ‘home-grown’ extremists were the events that influenced the emergence of what will be described here as the institutional racialization associated with Brown's recommendations. McGhee also explores the shift from Blunkett's model of civic assimilation, with its Cantle-esque emphasis on participation, to the Brown model of civic nationalism, with its post-7/7-fuelled emphasis on loyalty, shared values and responsibilities.     

New Labour,racism and ‘new’ football in England

ABSTRACT

Bradbury and Williams begin by examining aspects of the genealogy of incidents of fan racism at the Spain v. England international football match in Madrid on 17 November 2004, and the public outcry in Britain that followed. They raise questions about the possible ‘strategic mobilization’ by Spanish fans of apparently racist epithets as a response to the use, by the English football authorities before the match, of prominent anti-racism symbolism. The main body of the article then considers the British public response to Madrid within the context of the Blairite New Labour policy on football racism in England from the late 1990s. It argues that Labour's Football Task Force from 1997 constituted an entirely new direction for sport and government policy in Britain. However, by drawing on the comments of some of the key figures involved, Bradbury and Williams further contend that, both structurally and ideologically, the Task Force was preset to limit its own investigations on the nature and effects of racism, specifically in the English game. Although the Task Force's report, Eliminating Racism in Football, has had some positive effects—for example, on Football Association policy or in stimulating local anti-racist initiatives—its narrow focus and its relatively underdeveloped understanding of the racism problem in professional sport led its members to de-emphasize the significance of forms of institutionalized racism within English football. Research and commentaries on racism in the English game since that report was published in 1998 suggest that problems of racialized exclusion in football remain. Bradbury and Williams conclude that the public outrage in Britain about the incidents in Madrid reflect an over-concentration on silencing public expressions of racism—combating overt, collective fan outbreaks—at the expense of addressing the racialized structures of power that continue to shape access, opportunities and acceptance of ethnic minorities within professional football in England.     

剽窃、学术规范与版权侵权

人们通常认为,剽窃天然就不是好的东西。笔者将从静态的观点来考察剽窃这一概念,以及从动态的观点来重新考察与剽窃有关的“独创性”的概念是如何逐步形成的;从而部分澄清这种误解。另外,笔者还将从与剽窃紧密相关的“引证”这一技术性手段来功能性地讨论学术规范的作用,以及从制度比较的视角,对两种不同的解决剽窃的方式,即诉诸学术规范和司法诉讼进行论证。     

制度约束下的组织间依赖——政府官员在行业协会任职现象分析

政府官员在行业协会任职现象因行业协会的类型而异,既可能是由于行业协会在资源和合法性上对政府的依赖,也可能是由于政府在机构改革和职能转变过程中对行业协会的依赖。政府与行业协会之间这种相互依赖关系的产生有其特定的制度根源,随着制度环境的变迁,政府官员在行业协会任职现象得以存在的合法性基础正逐渐丧失。     

论宪法制度变迁的路径依赖

制度变迁的路径依赖是指在制度变迁中现有和未来的制度选择对过去的制度选择具有强烈的历史依赖性。遵循先例是宪法制度变迁中历史路径依赖性存在的主要表现。当代中国的宪法制度变迁,是对改革成果的确认,是对宪法制度的改良和完善。制度变迁客观存在的路径依赖规律,决定了当代中国的宪法制度变迁必须立足于国情,尊重中国的历史文化传统和宪法制度的初始选择,走一条渐进式的宪法制度改良之路而不是激进式的制度革命之路。