法律制度的需求层次、博弈及路径分析

以制度经济学的基本理论研究法律的制度需求命题。法律的供给与需求构成了法律规范运用于社会的两极 ,是实现法律制度变迁的前提。以制度的成本和收益为坐标系 ,探讨法律制度需求的多层次性、实证的博弈状态、满足路径以及相关原则 ,为法律制度的构建提供完整的现实图景和参照依据     

Institutional Collective Action on Drugs: Functional and Vertical Dilemmas of Unused Pharmaceuticals

The authors use the Institutional Collective Action Framework to analyze the barriers, opposition, and opportunities for residential pharmaceutical disposal programs in the United States via a case study on a series of take‐back programs pioneered in the state of Washington by local and state governments, as well as the corresponding backlash from federal agencies. While successful in some ways, these innovative solutions directly challenged the competing federal policy regimes controlled by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), and, to a lesser extent, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Findings from case studies suggest that functional dilemmas created by existing institutions with entrenched regulatory regimes are a key challenge to finding efficient solutions to vertical ICA dilemmas. Conclusions, then, connect to the broader ICA research agenda, and implications for multi‐level governance issues.     

中国刑事诉讼制度变迁的多重逻辑：一个分析框架

中国的刑事诉讼制度正在发生深刻的变迁。这种变迁来自于中央司法机构、地方司法机构与民间主体这三类群体具体行为的推动,而这些群体的行为受各自所处场域的制度逻辑支配。支配这些群体行为方式的制度逻辑在很大程度上还是中国刑事诉讼制度变迁的制度逻辑。中国刑事诉讼制度变迁的轨迹与方向在很大程度上取决于参与其中的多重制度逻辑的作用。从＂多重制度逻辑＂来解释中国刑事诉讼制度的变迁,不仅可以更好地把握这一复杂的变迁过程,也具有一定的方法论意义。     

新时代党建引领乡村治理创新的路径研究

在新的时代条件下,将制度优势更好地转化为治理效能,既是一个重大的理论问题,也是一个重大的现实问题。党建引领乡村治理是实现制度优势向治理效能转化相关领域的一个重要体现。改革开放40年的发展,乡村治理面临社会阶层分化、治理主体缺位、党组织建设不完善等困境,进一步提升乡村治理效能迫在眉睫。理论分析基层党建与乡村治理的逻辑机理,发现:党的领导是乡村治理的领导核心、党的建设是乡村振兴进程中的坚强堡垒、创新基层治理是巩固党的执政根基的客观要求。新时代提升乡村治理效能必须坚持以党建为引领、以基层为主体、以人民为中心、以问题为导向、以创新为手段、以制度为保障,构建乡村治理新格局。     

Explaining Reforms of Parliamentary Minority Rights: A Theoretical Framework with Case Study Application

How can we explain institutional reforms that redistribute institutional power between the parliamentary majority and minority? This paper proposes an informal theoretical model to explain such reforms in European parliaments based on congressional literature and inductive explanations from case studies. The article argues that political parties as the relevant actors pursue institutional reforms based on their substantive goals, their current and expected future government status, transaction and audience costs of reforms, second-order institutions that regulate the relative influence of actors in changing parliamentary rules, and the institutional status quo. Hypotheses derived from this model are tested with a qualitative case study of all standing order reforms in the Austrian parliament from 1945 to 2014. The empirical analysis finds support for various hypotheses and their underlying causal mechanisms. As Austria constitutes a least-likely case, the evidence provides strong support for the theoretical model.     

The making of land ownership: land titling in rural Colombia – a reply to Hernando de Soto

Hernando de Soto’s best-selling book The Mystery of Capital argues that economically disadvantaged countries lack institutional arrangements that can spur economic development and capital growth. This article questions de Soto’s institutional economist account. It draws on a 14-month ethnographic study performed at two rural field sites in Colombia and in the central government office responsible for promoting land programmes designed to improve the living conditions of rural communities. This study, which focuses on the daily practices of public officials and rural campesinos, suggests the importance of the title document, and in particular the public deed, for land ownership. It describes the process by which landownership is created by the issuance of the land title document and highlights some important elements and untended consequences that are often neglected in this process of making land a legal and economic asset.     

完善农民私权利的制度经济学分析

随着建设社会主义和谐社会和工业反哺农业的不断发展、深入,农村面貌已经有了较大的改观,农民人均收入在不断地增加。党的十六届五中全会提出,建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大而长期的历史任务,也是加强“三农”工作的重大战略举措,事关全面建设小康社会和社会主义现代化建设的全局。然而“三农”问题不仅仅是一个经济问题,更是一个法律问题。“三农”问题的核心是农民问题,而解决农民问题首先是要解决权利问题,具体来说,就是如何建立保护农民私权利的体制问题。     

单位(法人)犯罪若干问题研究

单位（法人）犯罪的问题主要在于两个方面：其一,理论解释问题即如何将产生于英美法系刑法实践的问题与大陆法系的刑法理论相协调,具体而言,就是如何将单位（法人）犯罪问题与大陆法系刑法中以自然人犯罪为前提的刑法理论相协调的问题。其二,实践问题或者价值判断问题,即是否有必要通过刑罚来处罚单位（法人）犯罪以及刑事处罚的效果问题。     

国防专利的特殊性研究——兼谈知识产权保护制度之创新

关于国防专利的特殊性主要围绕权利归属和保密性两个问题展开。在权利归属问题上,有观点认为国防专利的所有权主体只能是国家,这种观点是错误的,依据有关法条和法理基础,国防专利权归属是多元化的。在保密性问题上,确实存在着与一般专利的公开性之间的冲突,这也是采取国防专利这种特殊保护模式的根本原因所在。国防专利是专利制度的一个例外。整个知识产权保护制度也在不断发展和创新,国防专利保护对其他特殊类型的知识产权保护具有一定的借鉴意义。     

从“中国之制”看“中国之治”——应急状态下的国家治理思考

“中国之制”源于“中国之治”的实践之中,二者相互依存,共同演进、互为表里。处在新的历史起点上,不同社会制度、发展模式的竞争较量更为尖锐复杂,只有不断完善“中国之制”,才能战胜各种风险挑战,为完成历史赋予的时代使命提供制度支撑,开创“中国之治”的新阶段、新境界。