政府购买公共服务模式的比较及解释——一项制度转型研究

政府购买公共服务是我国行政领域中的重大制度转型,而我国政府购买公共服务的目标模式来源于发达国家的实践。本文提出用制度化程度、竞争程度、主体间关系三个指标来描述政府购买模式,其中制度化程度指标尤为重要且影响着另外两个指标。研究发现,国内政府购买的学习标杆只有一种目标模式,但是学习的结果却呈现多元化状态。在路径依赖理论和利益集团理论的基础上,本文建构了初始状态和利益冲突制度转型的分析框架,并结合典型案例对我国政府购买的现状做出理论解释和政策建议。     

The global institutionalization of microcredit

This article explains how microcredit as a policy idea has been institutionalized at the transnational level, and what role strategic actors play in the institutional change and governance of microcredit. Special attention is given to three dominant actors, the Grameen Bank, the World Bank, and SKS Microfinance. To explain the emergence of microcredit as a transnational policy idea this article explores the relations between theories of institutional change and Rosenau's concept of spheres of authority.     

马克思主义和新制度主义制度变迁理论的比较与综合

马克思主义和新制度主义在制度与制度变迁、制度变迁的动力与机制、制度变迁的形式与方式等方面都做了比较系统的论述,因而都提出了比较完整的制度变迁理论。新制度主义与马克思主义的制度变迁理论既包含相互补充、相互融合的方面,也包含相互排斥、相互冲突的方面。新制度主义制度变迁理论一部分是科学的,一部分是非科学的。我们应该吸取新制度主义制度变迁理论中的科学因素,摈弃其非科学的成分,形成以马克思主义为基础的制度变迁理论的新综合。     

劳动关系的选择性干预与集体劳动关系的制度逻辑

随着经济社会发展、产业结构演变、劳资力量对比变化,应当加强集体劳动关系的法律调整.但目前的劳动法制存在对劳动关系的选择性干预,即对个体劳动关系规制过度,而对集体劳动关系干预不足.主要原因在于我国所处的经济发展阶段、劳动法制完善程度、集体劳动关系调整目标的多元化等.应当完善劳动法及其配套规定,使集体劳动关系有法可依；明确...     

以第111号公约审视中国反歧视的制度建设

2006年1月12日,中国正式批准了《1958年消除就业和职业歧视公约》(第111号公约).5年来,中国社会在促进工作中的平等方面发生了哪些变化和进步？以第111号公约审视中国反歧视的制度建设,目前,中国在反就业歧视,促进工作中的平等还存在不少问题；促进工作中的平等方面,仍然任重道远.     

Changes in the Rules of the Lawmaking Process and the Success of Presidential Bills: Chile, 1990–2018

This article assesses the effect of changes in the lawmaking process on the success of the president’s legislative agenda, distinguishing between within-term success (bills that passed during the term) and overall success (including bills that passed after the president left office). With the 2064 presidential bills introduced in seven terms (1990–2018) in Chile’s presidential system, we assess the impact of changes in lawmaking rules on within-term (59.9%) and overall success (70.6%). Changes that decrease attributions of the president and create more opportunities for executive-legislative bargaining—including concurrent elections—increase the chances of success of presidential bills. The use of presidential urgency motions, an agenda-setting tool, makes bills more likely to pass, but the issuance of many urgency motions undermines the bill’s chances to succeed. Presidential bills introduced early in the term and those on issues where there is more policy convergence are more likely to pass.